File:A Collection of Ethiopian Liturgical Drums (3424574812).jpg
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DescriptionA Collection of Ethiopian Liturgical Drums (3424574812).jpg |
I saw a drum or two on the floor at almost every Ethiopian Orthodox church I visited, but the Church at the Monastery of Na’akuto La’ab near Lalibela had the largest and most diverse collection. I understand the term for these drums is kebero. According to the source of all knowledge, Wikipedia: "A kebero is a double-headed, conical hand drum used in the traditional music of Eritrea and Ethiopia. A piece of animal hide is stretched over each end, thus forming a membranophone." "A large version of the instrument is used in Orthodox Christian liturgical music, while smaller versions are used in secular celebrations." Based on that description, I'm confident the three drums in the foreground are keberos. The two other drums, one of which is barely visible, are more tub-shaped than conical, so I don't know whether they, too, would be considered keberos. Interestingly, the stick used to beat the drum on the far left is visible on the drum's surface. Not having heard drums of this type being played while I was in Ethiopia, I can't comment on the sound. However, I'm fascinated by two aspects of these musical instruments. The first are the printed fabrics with which the drums are covered. Two of the three conical drums in this photo are unusual in that their fabric is in remarkably good condition. Over time and with use, the fabric has usually become more tattered. Observant viewers may recognize the red fabric with a floral pattern from other photos, including a photo of one of the manuscripts the priest showed us during our visit to this monastery. That photo appears below for your reference. The second thing I love about the kebero is the web of leather or sinew that keeps the heads taut and may also contribute to the drum's structural integrity. I'm speculating here, but in some cases the web of sinew looks so taut that it might have been applied wet and allowed to dry in situ, where it would stretch as it dried. |
Date | |
Source | A Collection of Ethiopian Liturgical Drums |
Author | A. Davey from Where I Live Now: Pacific Northwest |
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This image, originally posted to Flickr, was reviewed on 5 October 2012 by the administrator or reviewer File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske), who confirmed that it was available on Flickr under the stated license on that date. |
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current | 17:50, 5 October 2012 | 2,756 × 1,677 (1.07 MB) | File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske) (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr by User:Elitre |
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Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D70 |
Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
F-number | f/4.5 |
ISO speed rating | 320 |
Date and time of data generation | 02:48, 2 November 2007 |
Lens focal length | 36 mm |
Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS3 Macintosh |
File change date and time | 02:48, 2 November 2007 |
Exposure Program | Manual |
Date and time of digitizing | 02:48, 2 November 2007 |
APEX exposure bias | 5 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.2 APEX (f/4.29) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Shade |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 90 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 90 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 90 |
Color space | 0 |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Manual white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 54 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Soft |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Hard |
Subject distance range | Unknown |