Identifier: textbookofphysio1911howe (find matches)
Title: A text-book of physiology for medical students and physicians
Year: 1911 (1910s)
Authors: Howell, William H. (William Henry), 1860-1945
Subjects: Physiology
Publisher: Philadelphia, London, W.B. Saunders company
Contributing Library: Columbia University Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons

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ibers, afferent andefferent, which connect the cortex withunderlying parts of the central nervoussystem,—the spinal cord, medulla, pons,midbrain, or thalamus. This great pro-jection system emerges, for the mostpart, through the internal capsule andthepeduncles of the cerebrum. Certainparts of the cortex are seemingly lackingin a projection system; the fibers arisingfrom these parts do not enter the cap-sule to make connection with the motorand sensory paths, below, but pass toother parts of the cortex, forming a partof the system of association fibers. Sec-ond, the association system, which may Fig. 81.—Section through the cortex of the third frontal convolution (Brocas convolu-tion) to show the stratification of the nerve cells: 1, The plexiform or molecular layer; 2,the outer layer of pyramidal cells; 3, the granular layer; 4, the deep or inner pyramidallayer; 5, the fusiform or polymorphic layer (from a camera lucida drawing by Melius). 186 PHYSIOLOGY OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
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Fig. 82.—Schema of the projection fibers of the cerebrum and of the peduncles of thecerebellum; lateral view of the internal capsule : A, Tract from the frontal gyri to the ponsnuclei, and so to the cerebellum (frontal cerebro-cortico-pontal tract) ; B, the motor(pyramidal) tract; C, the sensory (lemniscus) tract ; D, the visual tract ; E, the auditorytract; F, the fibers of the superior peduncle of the cerebellum ; G, fibers of the middle pedun-cle uniting with A in the pons ; H, fibers of the inferior peduncle of the cerebellum ; J, fibersbetween the auditory nucleus and the inferior colliculus ; K, motor (pyramidal) decussationin the bulb ; Vt, fourth ventricle. The numerals refer to the cranial nerves.—(Modifiedfrom Starr.)

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