English: Photo of John Bardeen (top left), William Shockley (sitting) and Walter Brattain (top right), 1948. This is one of a series of publicity photos produced by Bell Labs prior to the public announcement of the invention of the transistor (June 30, 1948). Although Shockley was not involved in the invention, and has never been listed on patent applications, Bell Labs decided that he must appear on all publicity photos along with Bardeen and Brattain. Shockley's Nobel Prize contribution - theory of a junction transistor - was separate from the Bardeen-Brattain work.

English: Archived description:

Identifier: belltelephonemag00vol2930amerrich (find matches)
Title: Bell telephone magazine
Year: 1948 Authors: American Telephone and Telegraph Company American Telephone and Telegraph Company. Information Dept
Subjects: Telephone
Publisher: (New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Co., etc.)
Contributing Library: Prelinger Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Internet Archive

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l work, by which certain liquids set up in Another is the photo-transistor, a de- a mold and produce solid plastics, vice which converts light signals into Some of these were splendid insula- currents in much the same way as pho- tors to begin with, but gradually de- toelectric cells do, but is more stable teriorated by oxidation. This seemed than photocells, and better adapted to unavoidable, since theory said that many circuit uses. substances which were hard to oxidize These are among the most impor- would not set up. The Laboratories tant contributions to the art of com- study showed that this was not the munication which have yet come from case: that the process could be car- the Laboratories. ried out with substances which were In the field of chemistry, the Lab- almost immune to chemical attack by oratories published a study early in oxygen. the post-war period which showed The response of the chemical in- that a belief widely held among chem- dustry was prompt. It is now manu-
Text Appearing After Image:
In this laboratory was developed the transistor, a new type of solid electronic amplifier of revolutionary importance 1951-52 Post-War Achievements of Bell Laboratories 237 facturing—and we are using—chemi-cals that set up into insulators whichretain their excellence indefinitely. Not all new knowledge has suchimmediate application. It has beenknown for many years that at exceed-ingly low temperatures many metalsbecome almost perfect conductors.The change is not gradual, it takesplace abruptly within a small fractionof a degree. This phenomenon hasbeen one of the mysteries of science,and many physicists believe that anadequate understanding of it will un-lock the door to important advancesin their science. Quite recently amost important advance has beenmade by one of our mathematicalphysicists. It would be difficult to suggest howa phenomenon that occurs at a tem-perature several hundreds of degreesbelow zero can be put to use in teleph-ony; but in view of the fact that ourart is

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