Title: Bulletin
Identifier: bulletin3011907smit (find matches)
Year: 1901 (1900s)
Authors: Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology
Subjects: Ethnology
Publisher: Washington : G. P. O.
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries

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BULL. 30) HOP! 565 their elders and are never flogged except when ceremonially initiated as kachinas. From their earliest years they are taught industry and the necessity of leading up- right lives. The clothing of the Hopi men consists of a calico shirt and short pantaloons, and breechcloth, moccasins, and hair bands. Bracelets, necklaces of shell, turquoise, or silver, and earrings, are commonly worn.
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IJOPI MAIDEN. (mOONEY, PHOTO. ) The women wear a dark-blue woolen blanket of native weave, tied with an em- broidered l)elt, and a calico manta or shawl over one shoulder; their moccasins, which are worn only occasionally, are made of ox-hide and buckskin, like those of the men, to which are attached leg- gings of the same material, but now often replaced by sheepskin. The ear-pend- ants of the women and girls consist of small wooden disks, ornamented with turquoise mosaic on one side. Small children generally run about naked, and old men while working in the fields or taking part in ceremonies divest them- selves of all clothing except the breech- cloth. The governing body of the Hopi is a council of hereditary clan elders and chiefs of religious fraternities. Among these ofticials there is recognized a speaker chief and a war chief, but there has never been a supreme chief of all the Hopi. Following ancient custom, various activi- ties inhere in certain clans; for instance, one clan controls the warrior society, while another observes the sun and deter- mines the calendar. Each pueblo has an hereditary village chief, who directs certain necessary communal work, such as the cleaning of springs, etc. There seems to be no punishment for crime ex- cept sorcery, to which, under Hopi law, all transgressions may be reduced. No punishmentof a witch or wizard is known to have been inflicted at Walpi in recent years, but there are traditions of impris- onment and of the significant and myste- rious disappearance of those accused of witchcraft in former times. The Hopi possess a rich mythology and folklore, inherited from a remote past. They recognize a large number of super- natural beings, the identification of which is sometimes most difficult. Their my- thology is poetic and highly imaginative, and their ))hilosophy replete with incon- sistency. Their songs and prayers, some of which are in foreign languages, as the Ker- esan and Tewa, are sometimes very beauti- ful. They have peculiar marriage cus- toms, and elaborate rites in which chil- dren are dedicated to the sun. The bodies of the dead are sewed in blankets and de- posited with food offerings among the rocks of the mesas. The Hopi believe in a future life in an underworld, but have no idea of future punishment. They smoke straight pipes in ceremonies, but on secu- lar occasions prefer cigarettes of tobacco wrapped in corn-husks. They never in- vented an intoxicating drink, and until within recent years none of them had any desire for such. Although they have seasons of ceremonial gaming, they do not gamble; and they have no oaths, but many, especially among the elders, are garrulous and fond of gossip. Maize being the basis of their subsist- ence, agriculture is the principal industry of the Hopi. On the average 2,500 acres are yearly planted in this cereal, the yield in 1904 being estimated at 25,000 bushels. Perhaps one-third of the annual crop is preserved in event of future fail- ure through drought or other causes. There are also about 1,000 acres in peach orchards and 1,500 acres in beans, melons, squashes, pumpkins, onions, chile, sun-

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