File:Cobalt blue Iznik tiles - Topkapi Palace (8396722380).jpg
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DescriptionCobalt blue Iznik tiles - Topkapi Palace (8396722380).jpg |
İznik pottery, named after the town in western Anatolia where it was made, is a decorated ceramic that was produced from the last quarter of the 15th century until the end of the 17th century. The town of İznik was an established centre for the production of simple earthenware pottery with an underglaze decoration when in the last quarter of the 15th century, craftsmen in the town began to manufacture high quality pottery with a fritware body painted with cobalt blue under a colourless lead glaze. The meticulous designs combined traditional Ottoman arabesque patterns with Chinese elements. The change was almost certainly a result of the active intervention and patronage by the recently established Ottoman court in Istanbul who greatly valued Chinese blue-and-white porcelain. During the 16th century the decoration of the pottery gradually changed in style, becoming looser and more flowing. Additional colours were introduced. Initially turquoise was combined with the dark shade of cobalt blue and then the pastel shades of sage green and pale purple were added. Finally, in the middle of the century, a very characteristic bole red replaced the purple and a bright emerald green replaced the sage green. From the last quarter of the century there was a marked deterioration in quality and although production continued during the 17th century the designs were poor, as the city's role as primary ceramics producer was taken up by Kütahya. The ceramic collection of the Topkapi Palace includes over ten thousand pieces of Chinese porcelain but almost no İznik pottery. Most of the surviving İznik vessels are in museums outside Turkey, but plentiful examples of the city's tile production exist in numerous cities throughout Turkey, such as İstanbul, Bursa, Edirne, Adana, and Diyarbakır. In Istanbul alone examples of İznik tiling can be seen in at least 40 mosques, tombs, libraries, and palace buildings, such as the Rüstem Pasha Mosque, the Sokollu Mehmet Paşa Mosque, the tomb of Selim II in the Hagia Sophia complex, and certain buildings of the Topkapı Palace complex such as the Circumcision room and the Baghdad Kiosk [Wikipedia.org] |
Date | |
Source | Cobalt blue Iznik tiles - Topkapi Palace |
Author | Jorge Láscar from Australia |
Camera location | 41° 00′ 46.8″ N, 28° 59′ 02.4″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 41.013000; 28.984000 |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Jorge Lascar at https://www.flickr.com/photos/8721758@N06/8396722380. It was reviewed on 2 April 2014 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
2 April 2014
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current | 06:42, 2 April 2014 | 2,848 × 4,288 (2.67 MB) | Russavia (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr |
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Metadata
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Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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F-number | f/4.5 |
ISO speed rating | 640 |
Date and time of data generation | 13:48, 29 August 2012 |
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Bits per component |
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Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS5 Macintosh |
File change date and time | 06:34, 19 January 2013 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Aperture priority |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 13:48, 29 August 2012 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 4 |
APEX shutter speed | 4.321928 |
APEX aperture | 4.33985 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 4 APEX (f/4) |
Subject distance | 1.12 meters |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 00 |
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DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 00 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 15 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | Low gain up |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
GPS tag version | 2.2.0.0 |
Serial number of camera | 8007995 |
Lens used | 10.0-20.0 mm f/4.0-5.6 |
Date metadata was last modified | 16:34, 19 January 2013 |
Unique ID of original document | xmp.did:24D6E0447C2068118A6D9AD77725B3DA |