File:E of Y-DNA migrations.png
Original file (1,396 × 1,556 pixels, file size: 237 KB, MIME type: image/png)
Captions
Summary edit
DescriptionE of Y-DNA migrations.png |
Español: Mapa de las migraciones del haplogrupo E del cromosoma Y y de sus principales subclados.
English: Map of the migrations of haplogroup E of the Y chromosome and its main subclades. |
Date | |
Source | Own work, map from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World_map_blank_without_borders.svg |
Author | Maulucioni |
Other versions | File:E1b1bRoute.png |
Map based on the probable origin of E (M96, former M40) in Africa[1] about 65,000 years ago.[2] E1a (M132, former M33) is present exclusively in west Africa.[3]
There is strong support for the hypothesis that haplogroup E1b1 (P2) originated in eastern Africa.[4] E1b1a is geographically quite restricted to sub-Saharan Africa,[5] and there is a central/western African origin for haplogroup E1b1a1 (P1, M2),[6] which is related to relatively recent population Bantu expansion (3-5kya).[7]
There is a strong probability favors an eastern African placement for the origin of the E1b1b (M215). The main clade of E1b1b is M35, which is divided into two important branches: E-V68 and E-Z827.[6] The origin of E-V68 and the center of expansion of its main subclade M78, would be in the east of the Sahara and the Nile valley; a recent archaeological study reveals that during a desiccation period in North Africa, while the eastern Sahara was depopulated, a refugium existed on the border of present-day Sudan and Egypt, near Lake Nubia, until the onset of a humid phase around 8500 BC, occurring during the Mesolithic a rapid expansion in Africa, the Levant, Asia Minor and Europe, where they each eventually differentiated into their regionally distinctive branches.[8]
This map includes the following major subclades of E:
- E (M96)
- E2 (M75)
- E1 (P147)
- E1a (M132)
- E1b (P177)
- E1b1 (P2)
- E1b1a (V38)
- E1b1a1 (P1, M2)
- E-V43
- E-M4706
- E-L485
- E-M191
- E-L485
- E-U175
- E-M4706
- E-V43
- E1b1a1 (P1, M2)
- E1b1b (M215)
- E1b1b1 (M35.1)
- E1b1b1a (V68, L539)
- E-M78
- E-Z1902
- E-V12
- E-V32
- E-V65
- E-V12
- E-Z1919
- E-V13
- E-V22
- E-Z1902
- E-M78
- E1b1b1b (Z827)
- E-L19
- E-M81
- E-Z830
- E-M123
- E-M34
- E-CTS10880 (V1515)
- E-M293
- E-V6
- E-M123
- E-L19
- E1b1b1a (V68, L539)
- E1b1b1 (M35.1)
- E1b1a (V38)
- E1b1 (P2)
References edit
- ↑ Haber, Marc et al. “A Rare Deep-Rooting D0 African Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup and Its Implications for the Expansion of Modern Humans Out of Africa.” Genetics vol. 212,4 (2019): 1421-1428. doi:10.1534/genetics.119.302368
- ↑ Y full E tree YTree v9.02.00 Yfull 2021
- ↑ Martínez, B., Simão, F., Gomes, V. et al. Searching for the roots of the first free African American community. Sci Rep 10, 20634 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77608-8
- ↑ Trombetta, Beniamino et al. “A new topology of the human Y chromosome haplogroup E1b1 (E-P2) revealed through the use of newly characterized binary polymorphisms.” PloS one vol. 6,1 e16073. 6 Jan. 2011, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016073
- ↑ Semino, Ornella et al. “Origin, diffusion, and differentiation of Y-chromosome haplogroups E and J: inferences on the neolithization of Europe and later migratory events in the Mediterranean area.” American journal of human genetics vol. 74,5 (2004): 1023-34. doi:10.1086/386295
- ↑ a b Trombetta, Beniamino et al. “Phylogeographic Refinement and Large Scale Genotyping of Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup E Provide New Insights into the Dispersal of Early Pastoralists in the African Continent.” Genome biology and evolution vol. 7,7 1940-50. 24 Jun. 2015, doi:10.1093/gbe/evv118
- ↑ Montano V, Ferri G, Marcari V, Batini C, Anyaele O, Destro-Bisol G, Comas D. The Bantu expansion revisited: a new analysis of Y chromosome variation in Central Western Africa. Mol Ecol. 2011 Jul;20(13):2693-708. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05130.x. Epub 2011 Jun 1. PMID: 21627702.
- ↑ Battaglia, Vincenza et al. “Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in Southeast Europe.” European journal of human genetics : EJHG vol. 17,6 (2009): 820-30. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2008.249
Licensing edit
- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- share alike – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same or compatible license as the original.
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 20:55, 23 March 2023 | 1,396 × 1,556 (237 KB) | ABCymta (talk | contribs) | adjusting arrow position | |
19:49, 23 March 2023 | 1,396 × 1,556 (237 KB) | ABCymta (talk | contribs) | naming pattern | ||
19:33, 23 March 2023 | 1,396 × 1,556 (233 KB) | ABCymta (talk | contribs) | new version with time estimations in kya | ||
15:08, 11 May 2021 | 495 × 540 (28 KB) | Maulucioni (talk | contribs) | adding E-U175 | ||
02:50, 11 May 2021 | 495 × 540 (27 KB) | Maulucioni (talk | contribs) | Uploaded own work with UploadWizard |
You cannot overwrite this file.
File usage on Commons
There are no pages that use this file.
File usage on other wikis
The following other wikis use this file:
- Usage on azb.wikipedia.org
- Usage on en.wikipedia.org
- Usage on es.wikipedia.org
- Usage on fr.wikipedia.org
- Usage on it.wikipedia.org
- Usage on ja.wikipedia.org
- Usage on mk.wikipedia.org
- Usage on vi.wikipedia.org
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Horizontal resolution | 37.79 dpc |
---|---|
Vertical resolution | 37.79 dpc |