Title: Elements of biology; a practical text-book correlating botany, zoology, and human physiology
Identifier: elementsofbiolog00hunt (find matches)
Year: (c1907) ((c10s)
Authors: Hunter, George William, 1873-1948
Subjects: Biology
Publisher: New York, American book company
Contributing Library: NCSU Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: NCSU Libraries

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XXX. CIRCULATION Cat. A. P. A. The Organs of Circulation in the Frog. — In a frog that has been recently killed the organs of circulation may be made out in part. It is best, how- ever, to have a specimen in which the blood vessels have been injected with some semifluid mass (made of gelatine or starch colored with carmine or other bright coloring material). Two speci- mens should be used to demonstrate the organs of circulation, one for the veins, the other for the arteries. In a specimen killed by chloroform- ing find the nearly triangular-shaped heart. It is seen to be composed of two distinct parts, a light-colored area, the ventricle, and a broader portion, which is darker in color. This latter area is made up of the two auricles. Compare the two areas of the heart in position. The auricles, according to their position, are called respectively the right and left auricles. The arterial system of the frog may be said to include all blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart. The heart is only imperfectly divided into a right and a left heart, there being only one ventricle, with an imperfect partition wall extending in an anterior-posterior direc- tion. Blood leaves the heart to pass to the lungs by a vessel (shown in the diagram), known as the pulmo-cutaneous trunk, because it carries blood to the skin and lungs. Over the ventral surface of the heart is found a large common trunk, the conus. This divides into two branches while still over the heart, and then each branch splits into three large arteries, the carotid, sys- temic, and pulmo-cutaneous appearing from the midline as we go outwards. Trace the course of the carotid artery; it supplies the head and neck with arterial blood. The systemic arteries are the most important in the body. Trace one backward to where it unites with its neighbor on the opposite side of the body to form the dorsal aorta, the great main trunk supplying the organs of the body cavity and the muscles of the body and legs. Find the branches passing to the stomach, intestine, liver, and other organs held in the mesentery. Farther back, arteries may be found that pass to the kidneys and genital organs. The aorta divides to form two large trunks, the iliac arteries, that supply the muscles of the hind legs. Make a drawing to show the principal arteries and their con- nection with the heart of the frog. The system of blood vessels which return blood from the various organs of the body to the heart is known collectively as the venous system or veins 350
Text Appearing After Image:
Arterial system of the frog; Cat. A., carotid artery; D.A., dorsal aorta; D.T.A., artery to diges- tive tract; IL., iliac artery; L., lungs; K., kidney; P.A., pulmonary artery; R.A., renal artery; V.H., ventricle of heart. (After Parker and Haswell.)

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