Identifier: examinationofu00saxe (find matches)
Title: Examination of the urine; a manual for students and practitioners
Year: 1909 (1900s)
Authors: Saxe, George Alexander De Santos, 1876-1911
Subjects: Urine
Publisher: Philadelphia and London, W. B. Saunders Company
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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tis, however, the amount of pus may be verysmall, yet from 0.1 to 0.15 per cent, of albumin andover will be found, and when the pus is abundant, the al-bumin reaches higher amounts—up to 0.3 per cent. TUBERCULOUS CYSTITIS Tuberculosis of the bladder is usually secondary to thatof other organs of the genito-urinary tract. The firststage—of productive lesions (tubercles) in the bladder—does not give marked changes in the urine, while the second,marked by ulceration and by complicating chronic cystitis,gives a rather characteristic urine. The urine is diminished in amount, pale or bloody, andturbid, varies in reaction, with a low specific gravityand diminished normal solids. The albumin varieswith the amount of blood and pus present, and may be 372 EXAMINATION OF THE URINE abundant during attacks of hematuria. The sedimentsconsist of large amounts of pus, bladder epithelia, andblood-cells. The presence of tubercle bacilli with alarge number of bladder epithelia, especially from the
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Fig. 87.—Portions of a villous growth of the bladder: a, Magnified 190diameters; b, magnified 370 diameters (Ogden). middle and deep layers are conclusive evidences of tuber-culous cystitis. The absence of tubercle bacilli from theurine does not, however, necessarily exclude the presenceof this disease. PROSTATITIS 373 TUMORS OF THE BLADDER Of the benign tumors in the bladder the most commonare papillomata, but fibromata and fibromyxomata alsooccur. Papillomata are diagnosticated in the urine fromthe presence of masses of villous growths of microscopicsize in the sediment. In malignant growths of the bladderthe urine presents the same features as in chronic cystitis,but there is apt to be more blood and even large blood-clots. Shreds of tissue and portions of the tumor maybe found in it. Cells resembling those of the new growthsare also sometimes seen in the sediments, but no positivediagnosis can be made from their presence. The cystoscopeand exploratory operations are often requir

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