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File:Folded gyprock (Castile Formation, Upper Permian; State Line outcrop, southern Eddy County, New Mexico, USA) 11 (48949977448).jpg

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Folded gyprock from the Permian of New Mexico, USA. (field of view ~5.9 centimeters across)

This sample is from the famous (& former) State Line outcrop, along Rt. 180/Rt. 62 at the New Mexico-Texas border. The roadcut contained finely-laminated gyprock (rock gypsum), a finely crystalline-textured, chemical sedimentary rock composed of the mineral gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O - hydrous calcium sulfate). Gyprock is an evaporite, which forms by the evaporation of water - usually seawater - and the precipitation of dissolved minerals. The light-colored layers are gypsum. The dark brown layers are calcite. Each gypsum-calcite couplet represents one year's worth of deposition. These layers could be called varves. The calcite-gypsum (or -anhydrite) couplets have been successfully correlated throughout the Delaware Basin. Spectacular crinkling, small-scale folding, and small-scale faulting are present at the site. The folds and faults formed as a result of early Cenozoic structural deformation, not during an anhydrite-to-gypsum transformation (see Anderson & Kirkland, 1987).

Stratigraphy: Castile Formation, upper Upper Permian

Locality: State Line outcrop, roadcut on either side of Rt. 180/Rt. 62, between Carlsbad Caverns National Park and Guadalupe Mountains National Park, immediately north of the Texas border, southern Eddy County, southeastern New Mexico, USA (32° 00' 34.2" North latitude, 104° 29' 55.0" West longitude)

Reference cited:

Anderson, R.Y. & D.W. Kirkland. 1987. Banded Castile evaporites, Delaware Basin, New Mexico. Rocky Mountain Section of the Geological Society of America, Centennial Field Guide Volume 2: 455-458.
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Source Folded gyprock (Castile Formation, Upper Permian; State Line outcrop, southern Eddy County, New Mexico, USA) 11
Author James St. John

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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/48949977448 (archive). It was reviewed on 6 December 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0.

6 December 2019

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current01:33, 6 December 2019Thumbnail for version as of 01:33, 6 December 20193,003 × 3,000 (4.9 MB)Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs)Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons

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