Text (z.Zt.nicht lesbar):
Playing outdoors instils enjoyment in movement.

Germany’s modern body culture originated in the kind of physical education that was developed in the late 18th century, for example, by Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths. Friedrich Ludwig Jahn took up the idea of harmonious development of body and mind and created a grassroots movement with his »German gymnastics« (»deutsche Turnkunst«). In 1811, Jahn opened the first public outdoor gymnasium in the Berlin Hasenheide for physical exer- cises outdoors. At times these exercises were prohibited and prosecuted, but gymnastics expe rienced a significant upswing in the course of the 19th century. Starting in 1861, gymnastics lessons became mandatory in schools. With the increasing spread of English sports in connection with the growing industrialization, the gymnasts found their dominant position threatened in the late 19th century. The main points of contention were the focus on individual peak performance and the competitions. Even though particularly football was considered to compete against gymnastics, several gymnastics clubs nevertheless offered to teach the game. Both sports share the original idea of instilling enjoyment in movement through outdoor play and exercise and