File:Geode with sphalerite, barite, dolomite, and quartz (Monroe County, Ohio, USA) 2 (32573398156).jpg
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DescriptionGeode with sphalerite, barite, dolomite, and quartz (Monroe County, Ohio, USA) 2 (32573398156).jpg |
Geode from Ohio, USA. (Bob Harman collection) Shown above is the interior of a geode. Geodes are small to large, subspherical to irregularly-shaped, crystal-lined cavities in rocks. They form when water enters a void in a host rock and precipitates crystals. The most common geode-lining mineral is quartz. This geode has whitish/clearish quartz, plus barite and dolomite (= various yellowish colors) and sphalerite (= dark brown). Barite is BaSO4 - barium sulfate. Dolomite is CaMg(CO3)2 - calcium magnesium carbonate. Sphalerite is ZnS - zinc sulfide. The stratigraphic provenance is likely the Upper Pennsylvanian Monongahela Group or the Upper Pennsylvanian to Lower Permian Dunkard Group. Geode info. from the Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago, Illinois, USA): "Geodes are hollow, subspherical bodies, ranging from an inch or two to a foot or more in diameter. Most geodes occur in limestones, rarely in shales. They have an outer chalcedonic silica layer which is separated from the enclosing limestone matrix by a thin clay film. The inner surface of the chalcedonic layer is usually lined with inward projecting quartz crystals, though in many geodes drusy coatings of calcite and dolomite occur commonly. Of less common occurrence, are crystals of magnetite, pyrite, sphalerite, and a few other such minor and rarer constituents. The mode of origin of geodes in sedimentary rocks is but imperfectly understood. That geodes originate in an initial cavity, such as the unfilled space within a fossil, is well recognized, but whether such a cavity is a necessary prerequisite is open to question; geodes may originate in cavities formed by solution. Many geodes show evidence of expansion, apparently resulting from pressure. A notable example of this singular phenomenon of expansion of the growing geodes is the "exploding bomb" structure. " Locality: unrecorded/undisclosed site (possibly a quarry) in Monroe County, eastern Ohio, USA |
Date | |
Source | Geode with sphalerite, barite, dolomite, and quartz (Monroe County, Ohio, USA) 2 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/32573398156 (archive). It was reviewed on 7 December 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
7 December 2019
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current | 18:42, 7 December 2019 | 4,000 × 3,000 (7.21 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot D10 |
Exposure time | 1/125 sec (0.008) |
F-number | f/4.5 |
ISO speed rating | 160 |
Date and time of data generation | 10:23, 3 May 2012 |
Lens focal length | 14.303 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS2 Macintosh |
File change date and time | 13:08, 30 January 2017 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 10:23, 3 May 2012 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 6.96875 |
APEX aperture | 4.34375 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.33333333333333 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.34375 APEX (f/4.51) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,460.905349794 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 16,483.516483516 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Image width | 4,000 px |
Image height | 3,000 px |
Date metadata was last modified | 08:08, 30 January 2017 |
IIM version | 2 |