Identifier: grandestcenturyi00nort (find matches)
Title: Grandest century in the world's history; containing a full and graphic account of the marvelous achievements of one hundred years, including great battles and conquests; the rise and fall of nations; wonderful growth and progress of the United States ... etc., etc
Year: 1900 (1900s)
Authors: Northrop, Henry Davenport, 1836-1909
Subjects: Nineteenth century
Publisher: Philadelphia, Pa., National publishing co
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: Sloan Foundation

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dinand II. of Naples;and from the latter a constitution waswrung in the following year. Massacre in Milan. The year of revolutions, 1848, openedwith a street massacre by the Austriansin Milan, on January 2nd. In Februarythe French Republic was declared, andthen in Italy the party of Mazzini wasfor a moment supreme. Sicily revoltedfrom Ferdinand, and in March CharlesAlbert declared war on the Austrians,who had been driven out of Milan andVenice. He passed the Ticino, and de-feated Radetsky at Goito ; but on July25th the Austrians won the decisivebattle of Custozza, re-entered Milan,and placed the country under martiallaw. In Naples there had been a massacrein May, and on August 30th Messinawas bombarded. Meanwhile the Popesheart had failed him. His troops hadgone to the help of the Sardinians, butbefore their surrender he had declaredtheir advance to have been without hisleave. The Republicans, who had re-garded his liberal measures with suspi- 19J 102 ITALY, GREEClv, TURKEY AND SPAIN.
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VIEW OF NAPLES WITH MOUNT cion and jealousy, now denounced himas a traitor to the cause of Italianfreedom. On November 15th his wisestminister, Count Rossi, was assassinated,and Pius fled to Gaeta in disguise. In the hope of obtaining some advan-tage in the struggle, the Pope had en-deavored to establish diplomatic rela-■^^ons with Great Britain. These wereaccepted and authorized by Parliament,and undoubtedly had some moral effectin strengthening the position of theVatican. The revolution, however, wentforward with unabated vigor, and therewas a political upheaval that astonished VESUVIUS IN THE DISTANCE. the thrones of Europe. All the conservative elements that st^nd for sta-bility, law and order were called toaction. A republic was set up in Rome onFebruary 9, 1849, under Mazzini andtwo other triumvirs. The Grand DukeLeopold had fled from Florence, butTuscany refused to join herself to therepublic; yet when the sovereign shehad invited back returned, his first act,supported by the

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