English: Title: Bulletin

Identifier: bulletin3011907smit Year: 1901 (1900s) Authors: Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology Subjects: Ethnology Publisher: Washington : G. P. O. Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries

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Text Appearing Before Image: BULL. 30] GERONIMO GHOST DANCE 491 alphal:)et, was a German of the Georgia colony. (a. f. c. ) Geronimo (Spanish lor Jerome, aj^plied by the Mexicans as a nickname; native name Goyathlay, ' one who yawns'). A medi- cine-man and prophet of tlie Chiricahua Apache who, in the latter part of the 19th century, acquired notoriety through his opposition to the authorities and by sys- tematic and sensational advertising; born about 1834 at the headwaters of Gila r., N. Mex., near old Ft Tulerosa. His father was Taklishim, 'The Gray One,'who was not a chief, although his father (Geroni- mo's grandfather) assumed to be a chief without heredity or election. Geroni- mo' s mother was known as Juana. When it was decided, in 1876, in consequence of depredations committed in Sonora, of

Text Appearing After Image: which the Mexican government com- plained, to remove the Chiricahua from their reservation on the s. frontier to San Carlos, Ariz., Geronimo and others of the younger chiefs fled into INIexico. He was arrested later when he returned with his band to Ojo Caliente, N. Mex., and tilled the ground in peace on San Carlos res. until the Chiricahua became discontented because the (Government would not help them irrigate their lands. In 1882 Geronimo led one of the bands that raided in Sonora and surrendered when surrounded by Gen. George H. Crook's force in the Sierra Madre. He had one of the best farms at San Carlos, when trouble arose in 1884 in consequence of the attempt of the authorities to stop the making of tiswin, the native intoxi- cant. During 1884-85 he gathered a band of hostiles, who terrorized the inhabit- ants of s. Arizona and New Mexico, as well as of Sonora and Chihuahua, in Mexico. Gen. Crook proceeded against them with instructions to capture or destroy the chief and his followers. In Mar., 1886, a truce was made, followed by a conference, at which the terms of sur- render were agreed on; but Geronimo and his followers having again fled to the Sierra IMadre across the Mexican frontier, and Gen. Miles having been placed in command, active operations were renewed and their surrender was ultimately ef- fected in the following August. The entire band, numbering about 340, in- cluding Geronimo and Nachi, the hered- itary chief, were deported as prisoners of war, first to Florida and later to Alalsama, being finally settled, at Ft Sill, Okla., where they now reside under military supervision and in prosperous condition, being industrious workers and careful spenders. (j. m. c. t. ) Gesture language. See Sign language. Gewauga (OdjVwdge>'\ 'it is bitter, salty.'âHewitt). A Cayuga village on the site of the present Union Springs, town of Springport, on the e. side of Cayuga lake, N.Y. Itwas destroyed by Sullivan's troops, Sept. 22, 1779. (J. n. b. h. ) Ge-wa'-ga.âMorgan, League Iroq., 470, 1851. Ge- â wau'-ga.âIbid., 423. Ge-waw-ga.âAdams in Ca- yuga Co. Hist. Soc. Coll., no. 7, 176, 1889. Ghost dance. A ceremonial religious dance connected with the messiah doc- trine, which originated among the Pavi- i)tso in Nevada about 1888, and spread rapidly among other tribes until it num- bereil among its adherents nearly all the Indians of the interior basin, from ^lissouri r. to or beyond the Rockies. The prophet of the religion was a young l*aiute Indian, at that time not yet 35 j'ears of age, known among his own peo- ple as Wovoka ('Cutter'), and com- monly called by the whites Jack Wilson, from having worked in the family of a ranchman named Wilson. Wovoka seems already to have established his reputa- tion as a medicine-man when, about the close of 1888, he was attacked by a dangerous fever. While he was ill an eclipse spread excitement among the In- dians, with the result that Wovoka be- came delirious and imagined that he had been taken into the spirit world, and there received a direct revelation from the God of the Indians. Briefiy stated, the revelation was to the effect that a new dispensation was close at hand by which the Indians would be restored to their inheritance and reunited with their departed friends, and that they must pre- pare for the event by practising the songs and dance ceremonies which the prophet gave them. Within a very short time

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