Identifier: manualofgynecolo01hart (find matches)
Title: Manual of gynecology
Year: 1883 (1880s)
Authors: Hart, D. Berry (David Berry), 1851-1920 Barbour, A. H. Freeland (Alexander Hugh Freeland), 1856-
Subjects: Gynecology Gynecology
Publisher: New York : Wood
Contributing Library: Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons and Harvard Medical School

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a, perineum : b, urethra; c, vagina; e, anteriorlip of cervix; /, os uteri. The axis is not normal in its upper part, as the uterus was drawn back. (2/i) front and the rectum behind. In the upright posture it makes an angleof about 60° with the horizon, i.e., it is nearly parallel to the pelvic brim.The vagina has two walls, an anterior and posterior, which are con-tinuous at their sides. The anterior vaginal wall is triangular in shape, 26 MANUAL OF GYNECOLOGY. the base being above. Its lower limit is marked out by the hymen. Atits upper end it is reflected down to a very small extent on the anterior lipof the cervix uteri, the anterior fornix being thus formed (Fig. 25). It isclosely incorporated with the urethra, but between it and the posterioraspect of the bladder there is loose connective tissue. Its length is about5 cm., i.e., 2-2^ inches. The mucous membrane of the wall is arranged in folds roughly trans-verse. At its lower end is a vertical mesial single or double thickening
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Fig. 26. Anterior vaginal wall and multiparous cervix, looked at from behind (Henle). a, urethral orifice; 6,anterior vaginal column; c, cervix uteri. (1/1) of the mucous membrane, about 2 cm. long, known as the anterior vagi-nal column (Fig. 26, b). This begins near the urethral orifice or about1£ cm. above it. According to Budin, the columns are prolonged on thehymen. The posterior vaginal wall is triangular in shape and extends from thevaginal orifice upwards to the cervix uteri upon which it is reflected, thusforming the posterior fornix vaginas, which is deeper than the anterior ANATOMY OF THE FEMALE PELVIC ORGANS. 27 oue. Its length is about 7£ cm. (3 inches), i.e., about 2; cm. (nearly 1inch) longer than the anterior. It is also transversely rugous, and has aposterior column analogous to the anterior, but smaller. While the direction of the anterior vaginal wall is almost straight, thatof the posterior vaginal wall is sigmoid (Fig. 27). The curve varies, how-ever, according t

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