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File:Pachilis or Pandis Chegons.jpg

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English: Page from an album of sketches of costumes of South India (opaque watercolour with letterpress). Company School, on European paper watermarked Moreley & Saunders 1842 depicting Pachilis or Pandis Chegons. The man wears a lungi and a cloth on his head. On his forehead, upper arms, and chest he wears unidentifiable sectarian marks. He carries an axe in the right hand. His bare-chested wife, with her hair tied in an elaborate knot at the back of the head, wears a cloth draped around the waist, a shawl is wedged under her right arm and she carries a basket in both hands.

Inscription Content: Pauncheely or Paundy Chegons. Are a species of southern Eeloovers, but a little inferior to the other; their manner, customs and occupations are similar to that of the latter and proffes the same religion.

Thurston and Rangachari 1975 [1909] II: 394: ‘The Pachilis live in the tract of land called Pachchalur in the Neyyattinkara taluk between Tiruvellam and Kovalam. The Pandis are largely found in Trivandrum and Chirayinkil.’ Iyer 1981 [1909] I: 278:

Chegons, Chovans i.e. ‘sevakan’ workman, were employed as soldiers along with the Nairs by the rulers of Travancore.
Date
Source https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/A_1951-1006-0-1-8
Author AnonymousUnknown author

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This work is in the public domain in India because its term of copyright has expired.

The Indian Copyright Act applies in India to works first published in India. According to the Indian Copyright Act, 1957, as amended up to Act No. 27 of 2012 (Chapter V, Section 25):

  • Anonymous works, photographs, cinematographic works, sound recordings, government works, and works of corporate authorship or of international organizations enter the public domain 60 years after the date on which they were first published, counted from the beginning of the following calendar year (i.e. as of 2024, works published prior to 1 January 1964 are considered public domain).
  • Posthumous works (other than those above) enter the public domain after 60 years from publication date, counted from the beginning of the following calendar year.
  • Any kind of work other than the above enters the public domain 60 years after the author's death (or in the case of a multi-author work, the death of the last surviving author), counted from the beginning of the following calendar year.
  • Text of laws, judicial opinions, and other government reports are free from copyright.
The Indian Copyright Act, 1957 is not retroactive, so any work in which copyright did not subsist when it commenced did not have its copyright restored, and is in the public domain per the Copyright Act 1911.

You must also include a United States public domain tag to indicate why this work is in the public domain in the United States. Note that this work might not be in the public domain in countries that do not apply the rule of the shorter term and have copyright terms longer than life of the author plus 60 years. In particular, Mexico is 100 years, Jamaica is 95 years, Colombia is 80 years, Guatemala and Samoa are 75 years, and Switzerland and the United States are 70 years.

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current12:56, 24 June 2012Thumbnail for version as of 12:56, 24 June 2012225 × 304 (19 KB)Dr Ajay Balachandran (talk | contribs)

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