File:Paraspirifer bownockeri fossil brachiopod (Silica Formation, Middle Devonian; quarry in Sylvania area, Lucas County, northwestern Ohio, USA) 2 (14926359013).jpg
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DescriptionParaspirifer bownockeri fossil brachiopod (Silica Formation, Middle Devonian; quarry in Sylvania area, Lucas County, northwestern Ohio, USA) 2 (14926359013).jpg |
Paraspirifer bownockeri Stewart, 1927 fossil brachiopod from the Devonian of Ohio, USA (view of dorsal valve; 4.6 cm across). The calcite shell of this fossil spiriferid brachiopod has been coated with a layer of pyrite. This is not true pyritization (replacement of hard parts by pyrite). This specimen was cleaned with muriatic acid to remove some of the shell and show the pyrite. Classification: Animalia, Brachiopoda, Articulata, Spiriferida, Hysterolitidae Stratigraphy: Silica Formation, Givetian Stage, upper Middle Devonian Locality: quarry in the Sylvania area, Lucas County, northwestern Ohio, USA Replacement is a fossil preservation style involving the crystal structure and the mineral of an organism's hard parts being changed. The most common replacement mineral is quartz (silica) (SiO2) - fossils that have been replaced by quartz are said to be silicified (silicification). Many silicified fossils have rounded to pustulose structures covering their surfaces. These are called beekite rings, but they're composed of ordinary quartz. Other common replacment materials include the mineral pyrite (FeS2 - iron sulfide) and calcium phosphate. These replacement styles are called pyritization and phosphatization. Numerous other minerals have been found replacing minerals - many of them are quite rare. Reported fossil replacement minerals include: anglesite, apatite, barite, calamine, calcite, cassiterite, celestite, cerargyrite, cerussite, chalcocite, cinnabar, copper, dolomite, fluorite, galena, garnet, glauconite, gumbelite, gypsum, hematite, kaolinite, limonite, magnesite, malachite, marcasite, margarite, opal, pyrite, romanechite/psilomelane, siderite, silica/quartz, silver, smithsonite, specular hematite, sphalerite, sulfur, uranium minerals, and vivianite. (List mostly from info. in Hartzell, 1906 and Klein & Hurlbut, 1985) |
Date | |
Source | Paraspirifer bownockeri fossil brachiopod (Silica Formation, Middle Devonian; quarry in Sylvania area, Lucas County, northwestern Ohio, USA) 2 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by jsj1771 at https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/14926359013. It was reviewed on 6 May 2015 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
6 May 2015
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current | 19:06, 6 May 2015 | 2,473 × 1,795 (3.2 MB) | Natuur12 (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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Orientation | Normal |
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Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS2 Macintosh |
File change date and time | 15:30, 18 October 2007 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Meaning of each component |
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Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | Uncalibrated |
Image width | 2,473 px |
Image height | 1,795 px |
Date and time of digitizing | 11:06, 18 October 2007 |
Date metadata was last modified | 11:30, 18 October 2007 |