File:Peace Bridge Between Buffalo, New York and Fort Erie, Ontario (29985429415).jpg
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DescriptionPeace Bridge Between Buffalo, New York and Fort Erie, Ontario (29985429415).jpg |
The Peace Bridge is an international bridge between Canada and the United States at the east end of Lake Erie at the source of the Niagara River, about 20 kilometres (12.4 mi) upriver of Niagara Falls. It connects Buffalo, New York, in the United States to Fort Erie, Ontario, in Canada. It is operated and maintained by the binational Buffalo and Fort Erie Public Bridge Authority. The Peace Bridge consists of five arched spans over the Niagara River and a Parker deck type truss span over the Black Rock Canal on the American side of the river. The length is 5,800 feet (1.77 km). Material used in the construction included 3,500 feet (1.07 km) of steelwork, 9,000 tons of structural steel and 800 tons of reinforcing steel in the concrete abutments. The Peace Bridge was named to commemorate 100 years of peace between the United States and Canada. It was constructed as a highway bridge to address pedestrian and motor vehicle traffic which could not be accommodated on the International Railway Bridge, built in 1873. The building of the Peace Bridge was approved by the International Joint Commission on August 6, 1925. Edward Lupfer served as chief engineer. A major obstacle to building the bridge was the swift river current, which averages 7.5 to 12 miles per hour (12.1 to 19.3 km/h). Construction began in 1925 and was completed in the spring of 1927. On March 13, 1927, Lupfer drove the first car across the bridge. On June 1, 1927, the bridge was opened to the public. The official opening ceremony was held two months later, on August 7, 1927, with about 100,000 in attendance. The festivities were transmitted to the public via radio in the first international coast-to-coast broadcast. Newspapers at the time estimated that as many as 50 million listeners may have heard the broadcast. When the bridge opened, Buffalo and Fort Erie each became the chief port of entry to their respective countries from the other. At the time it was the only vehicular bridge on the Great Lakes from Niagara Falls to New York. The bridge remains one of North America's important commercial ports with four thousand trucks crossing it daily. The Peace Bridge is one of the busiest on the Canada–United States border, with over one million trucks crossing it each year and delays of up to almost four hours. Other nearby bridges between the United States and Canada include the Rainbow Bridge, the Queenston-Lewiston Bridge and the Whirlpool Rapids Bridge. The Queenston-Lewiston Bridge and the Peace Bridge are the only Niagara River crossings that allow heavy trucks. There are customs plazas at both ends of the bridge, with the Canadian plaza the newer and larger of the two. The inbound customs plaza in the United States has seven lanes for trucks and nine for cars. Pedestrians and cyclists are processed to the left of the truck inspection area. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_Bridge" rel="noreferrer nofollow">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_Bridge</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License" rel="noreferrer nofollow">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_...</a> |
Date | |
Source | Peace Bridge Between Buffalo, New York and Fort Erie, Ontario |
Author | Ken Lund from Reno, Nevada, USA |
Camera location | 42° 54′ 22.81″ N, 78° 54′ 37.06″ W | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 42.906336; -78.910295 |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Ken Lund at https://flickr.com/photos/75683070@N00/29985429415. It was reviewed on 10 March 2022 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
10 March 2022
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 19:20, 10 March 2022 | 4,000 × 2,265 (7.33 MB) | Mindmatrix (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot SX280 HS |
Exposure time | 1/500 sec (0.002) |
F-number | f/4.5 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 08:44, 27 September 2016 |
Lens focal length | 14.2 mm |
Latitude | 42° 54′ 22.81″ N |
Longitude | 78° 54′ 37.06″ W |
Altitude | 165.9 meters above sea level |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
File change date and time | 08:44, 27 September 2016 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 08:44, 27 September 2016 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX shutter speed | 8.9686668031948 |
APEX aperture | 4.3398500267809 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.33333333333333 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.3398500267809 APEX (f/4.5) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,393.442622951 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 16,393.442622951 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Custom process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
GPS time (atomic clock) | 15:44 |
Receiver status | Measurement in progress |
Geodetic survey data used | WGS-84 |
GPS date | 27 September 2016 |
GPS tag version | 0.0.3.2 |
Rating (out of 5) | 0 |