File:Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen) (central Alaska, USA) (15788310861).jpg
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DescriptionPopulus tremuloides (quaking aspen) (central Alaska, USA) (15788310861).jpg |
Populus tremuloides Michaux, 1803 - quaking aspen in Alaska, USA. (photo by James Cheshire) Plants are multicellular, photosynthesizing eucaryotes. Most species occupy terrestrial environments, but they also occur in freshwater and saltwater aquatic environments. The oldest known land plants in the fossil record are Ordovician to Silurian. Land plant body fossils are known in Silurian sedimentary rocks - they are small and simple plants (e.g., Cooksonia). Fossil root traces in paleosol horizons are known in the Ordovician. During the Devonian, the first trees and forests appeared. Earth's initial forestation event occurred during the Middle to Late Paleozoic. Earth's continents have been partly to mostly covered with forests ever since the Late Devonian. Occasional mass extinction events temporarily removed much of Earth's plant ecosystems - this occurred at the Permian-Triassic boundary (251 million years ago) and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (65 million years ago). The most conspicuous group of living plants is the angiosperms, the flowering plants. They first unambiguously appeared in the fossil record during the Cretaceous. They quickly dominated Earth's terrestrial ecosystems, and have dominated ever since. This domination was due to the evolutionary success of flowers, which are structures that greatly aid angiosperm reproduction. Quaking aspens are subalpine trees in the mountainous terrains of western North America. The common name “quaking” refers to the shaking or fluttering of the tree’s leaves in breezes. In this species, the petiole (= “stem” leading to a leaf) is flattened. The flattened surface catches even slight air movements, resulting in the leaves “trembling” or “quaking”. This plant principally propagates by spreading out lateral root systems. Entire groves of quaking aspens can have identical DNA fingerprints - they're all “twins”, or “clones” of each other. Classification: Plantae, Angiospermophyta, Malpighiales, Salicaceae Locality: Fairbanks or Livengood area, central Alaska, USA More info. at: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populus_tremuloides" rel="nofollow">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populus_tremuloides</a> |
Date | |
Source | Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen) (central Alaska, USA) |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/15788310861 (archive). It was reviewed on 12 November 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
12 November 2019
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current | 04:25, 12 November 2019 | 3,200 × 2,400 (1.76 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | OLYMPUS IMAGING CORP. |
Camera model | E-500 |
Exposure time | 1/80 sec (0.0125) |
F-number | f/5.1 |
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | Unknown date |
Lens focal length | 37 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 314 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 314 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS2 Macintosh |
File change date and time | 18:00, 14 November 2014 |
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Color space transformation matrix coefficients |
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Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Creative program (biased toward depth of field) |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | Unknown date |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX exposure bias | −0.3 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.61328125 APEX (f/3.5) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, auto mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | Uncalibrated |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | High saturation |
Sharpness | Normal |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Image width | 3,200 px |
Image height | 2,400 px |
Date metadata was last modified | 13:00, 14 November 2014 |
IIM version | 2 |