File:Primitive tool use for trail work is hard physical labor. Clearing large diameter logs from Gorton Creek Trail in Wilderness, photo courtesy of Pacific Crest Trail Association. (40065949994).jpg
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DescriptionPrimitive tool use for trail work is hard physical labor. Clearing large diameter logs from Gorton Creek Trail in Wilderness, photo courtesy of Pacific Crest Trail Association. (40065949994).jpg |
Gorge Trails Recovery Team & US Forest Service working on clearing some large diameter logs from Gorton Creek Trail March 2018, and grateful for the spring like weather. Because this trail is located in the Mark O. Hatfield Wilderness they use traditional hand tools, rigging and crosscut saws. In order to protect the wilderness character of our special places, the Wilderness Act (1964) limits the types of activities that are permitted within designated Wilderness areas. With few exceptions, mechanical transport and motorized equipment are two categories of use that were deemed contrary to the nature of Wilderness when the Act was written. Such restrictions create unique challenges for managers and volunteers charged with maintaining Wilderness trails, who must rely on primitive skills in order to accomplish their goals. All heavy equipment must be hauled in by hand or packed in using stock, all log bridges must be set in place with sheer strength or man-powered rigging, and all log cutting must be performed without the aid of power saws, typically using a crosscut saw. The passage of the Wilderness Act has helped restore the dying art of primitive tool use by effectively requiring their use in wilderness trail maintenance. |
Date | |
Source | Primitive tool use for trail work is hard physical labor. Clearing large diameter logs from Gorton Creek Trail in Wilderness, photo courtesy of Pacific Crest Trail Association. |
Author | U.S. Forest Service- Pacific Northwest Region |
Licensing edit
This image was originally posted to Flickr by Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region at https://flickr.com/photos/135886671@N08/40065949994 (archive). It was reviewed on 13 September 2018 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the Public Domain Mark. |
13 September 2018
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse |
This image is a work of the Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. As a work of the U.S. federal government, the image is in the public domain.
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current | 21:50, 13 September 2018 | 1,366 × 911 (782 KB) | Tyler ser Noche (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon EOS 80D |
Exposure time | 1/15 sec (0.066666666666667) |
F-number | f/4.5 |
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | 08:57, 11 March 2018 |
Lens focal length | 35 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 238 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 238 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 9.0 Windows |
File change date and time | 22:00, 11 March 2018 |
Exposure Program | Manual |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 08:57, 11 March 2018 |
APEX shutter speed | 3.906891 |
APEX aperture | 4.33985 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.25 APEX (f/4.36) |
Metering mode | Center weighted average |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 84 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 2,688.7265930176 |
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Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Manual white balance |
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Serial number of camera | 222024006481 |
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Image width | 1,366 px |
Image height | 911 px |
Date metadata was last modified | 15:00, 11 March 2018 |
Unique ID of original document | CC0BB75BC505F54893669692F61F3F72 |
IIM version | 4 |