Identifier: productiveorchar01sear (find matches)
Title: Productive orcharding, modern methods of growing and marketing fruit
Year: 1917 (1910s)
Authors: Sears, Fred Coleman, 1866-
Subjects: Fruit-culture Apples
Publisher: Philadelphia, London, J.B. Lippincott company
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: Sloan Foundation

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d is the amount of injury that ispretty certain to be done to the trees by the harness and thewhiffletrees and the cultivators. Even with the best of men andteams a certain amount of this damage is sure to occur. Withpoorer men and less steady teams there is enough of it todrive the most ardent believer in cultivation to sod culture.Patches of bark will be scraped off the trunk by the cultivator,the tips of branches chewed off by the horses, or the bark rakedoff the branches by the hames of the harness. While one is alwaysmore or less at the mercy of the teamster, a good many thingsmay be done to help him to avoid injuring the trees. The horsesmay be muzzled, and harnesses with low hames ought always tobe used. We may even resort with great satisfaction to thetugless harness shown in Figure 40. Then short whiffletrees anddoubletrees ought always to be used. It will avoid many a scarif the outside ends of the whiffletrees are padded with burlap DAMAGE DURING CULTIVATION 89 5 g o 5 8 3-
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90 ORCHARD CULTURE or an old sack. If extension types of implements are used, theteam, at least, will be kept well away from the trees. Theseextension implements may be either those like the light draftharrow shown in Figare 42, which cover a wide space and con-sequently avoid the necessity of the team getting near the trees;or, if these are not available, the two sections of an ordinarydisc or spring-tooth harrow may be separated by using a longbar or evener. In the latter case there is, of course, a strip ofland in the centre each time which is not worked, but if thespace between the sections is not wider than one of them thestrip is cultivated on the return trip. Sowing the Cover Crop.—When the time finally arrives forsowing the cover crop it may be sown just previous to the lastcultivation which will cover the seed, except in the case of cloverand turnips which are sown just after the last cultivation andeither left for the next rain to cover or else lightly brushed inwith a bru

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