Identifier: schoolarchitectu00bruc (find matches)
Title: School architecture; a handy manual for the use of architects and school authorities
Year: 1910 (1910s)
Authors: Bruce, William George, 1856-1949 Bruce, William Conrad, 1882- Bruce, Frank Milton, 1885- (from old catalog)
Subjects: School buildings
Publisher: Milwaukee, Johnson service company
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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pos-sible use of artificial light. It is, of course, need-less to say that rooms which require the use ofartificial light on ordinary bright days condemnarchitect, superintendent of schools, and schoolboard. Light which assures a maximum of whitenessis to be preferred for the artificial lighting ofschoolrooms. Fixtures must, of course, be sus-pended from the ceiling and should be arrangedso that the center of light distribution is slightlyto the left of the longitudinal center line of theroom and in front of the transverse center. Bythis means, each pupil will have a main source oflight slightly to the left and front, thus obviatingheavy shadows on his work. The Welsbach light for gas and the Tungstenincandescent lamp for electricity give the whitestand strongest light. Both are very delicate andfrail, but last sufficiently long and prove verysatisfactory. The latter is to be preferred becauseit does not contaminate the air by combustion. In Boston it is aimed to provide each desk 101
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8»ot; UhTHW o I—I 102 School Architecture with a minimum illumination of two foot-candlesor light equal to the illumination of two standardcandles at a distance of one foot. English authorities are agreed that 300 candlepower for 1,000 square feet of floor space, or onecandle power for every three square feet is cor-rect. A German authority places the standard oflighting for classrooms at 10 metre candles. Bythis he understands that the source of light beequal to ten normal candles at a distance of onemetre. Lights should never, unless very strong, bemore than eight feet above the floor level. Theymay be augmented by prismatic globes which con-centrate and distribute rays very successfully. During the past few years the theory of dif-fused light has prompted reflection to the ceilingand subsequent diffusion to all parts of the room.The amount of light needed for such illuminationcan be judged when it is remembered that theintensity of light diminishes in the ratio of theinverse squ

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