File:Stigmaria fossil root in cannel coal (upper Cannel City-Amburgy Coal Zone, Pikeville Formation, Middle Pennsylvanian; Jackson North roadcut, Breathitt County, Kentucky, USA) 2 (16798330467).jpg
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Summary
editDescriptionStigmaria fossil root in cannel coal (upper Cannel City-Amburgy Coal Zone, Pikeville Formation, Middle Pennsylvanian; Jackson North roadcut, Breathitt County, Kentucky, USA) 2 (16798330467).jpg |
Stigmaria fossil root in cannel coal in the Pennsylvanian of Kentucky, USA. This is a field shot of a plant fossil at a relatively new roadcut along new Route 15, north of the town of Jackson, Kentucky, USA. The exposure has Pennsylvanian-aged cyclothemic sedimentary rocks of the Breathitt Group (formerly the Breathitt Formation). Shown above is a weathered block of cannel coal from the upper part of the Cannel City-Amburgy Coal Zone. Cannel coal is a scarce, fossil spore-rich variety of coal - it is hard, has a velvety to satiny luster, little to no stratification, and a conchoidal fracture. This cannel coal horizon was economically significant in the early 20th century, and the unit was extensively mined in eastern Kentucky. Published info. about the locality shown above (see Greb & Eble, 2014) indicates that the cannel coal is 33% ash and 1.6% sulfur. The macerals in the cannel coal include liptinite (~47%), inertinite (~31%), and vitrinite (~22%). Plant microfossils from the cannel coal are principally lycopsid tree spores and calamite sphenophyte spores. The cannel coal horizon itself represents an ancient lake formed in a basement fault-generated depression. Classification of Stigmaria: Plantae, Lycophyta, Lepidodendrales, Lepidodendraceae Stratigraphy: upper Cannel City-Amburgy Coal Zone, upper Pikeville Formation, Breathitt Group, lower Atokan Series (Duckmantian), lower Middle Pennsylvanian Location: Jackson North outcrop - large roadcut on the eastern side of new Rt. 15, just south of southbound old Rt. 15-new Rt. 15 split, north of Jackson, north-central Breathitt County, eastern Kentucky, USA (37° 34’ 53.95” North, 83° 23’ 07.99” West) Reference cited: Greb & Eble (2014) - Cannel coals of the Cannel City-Amburgy Coal Bed (Pikeville Formation, Middle Pennsylvanian); evidence for possible fault-generated lakes. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 46(6): 604. |
Date | |
Source | Stigmaria fossil root in cannel coal (upper Cannel City-Amburgy Coal Zone, Pikeville Formation, Middle Pennsylvanian; Jackson North roadcut, Breathitt County, Kentucky, USA) 2 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/16798330467 (archive). It was reviewed on 6 December 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
6 December 2019
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current | 03:16, 6 December 2019 | 2,560 × 1,832 (1.87 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | OLYMPUS IMAGING CORP. |
Camera model | TG-1 |
Exposure time | 1/160 sec (0.00625) |
F-number | f/8 |
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | 10:03, 8 January 2015 |
Lens focal length | 4.5 mm |
Width | 2,560 px |
Height | 1,920 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 314 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 314 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 22:42, 1 April 2015 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 10:03, 8 January 2015 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX shutter speed | 7.321928 |
APEX aperture | 6 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.3 |
Maximum land aperture | 2 APEX (f/2) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 25 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Receiver status | Measurement interoperability |
Reference for direction of image | Magnetic direction |
Direction of image | 119 |
GPS tag version | 0.0.3.2 |
Serial number of camera | BCA539215 |
Date metadata was last modified | 18:42, 1 April 2015 |
Unique ID of original document | 4BA1B609848C89AA98870FCAD98CEDD2 |