Identifier: supplementtospon02spon (find matches)
Title: Supplement to Spons dictionary of engineering, civil, mechanical, military, and naval
Year: 1879 (1870s)
Authors: Spon, Edward Byrne, Oliver Spon, Ernest Spon, Francis N
Subjects: Engineering
Publisher: London, New York, E. & F.N. Spon
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries

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t consists of a rectangular box built ona stout oak framing, and carried upon axles and wheels. The capacity varies generally from 5 to8 cwt. The wheels are flanged to run upon bridge or f rails, and vary in diameter from TJ in. to15 in., according to the requirements of the seam and other circumstances. Tubs of wrought ironare also largely employed; of these, Figs. 916 and 917 afford typical examples, that in Fig. 917being fitted with a hand brake. Wherever the circumstances are favourable, tram rails are laid along the face. A tramwayin such a situation is of a temporaiy character, aud the easiest method of laying the rails is COAL MINING. 407 desirable. One of tlie simplest ti-araways consists of half-round fir sleepers, provided with twonotches into which the rails are laid, and held in place by means of wedges diiven in on theinside of the rail. The subject of the wheels and axles adapted to tubs and colliery trams wall be found treatedin this Supplement, under the head of Axles.
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In driving the roadways, undulations in the floor should be avoided. The form of the rails, andthe means employed for connecting the rails to the sleepers, are the same upon important under-ground engine planes and upon surface railways, the only difference being in the dimensions of thematerial used. On the less important ways, simpler means of connection, and sometimes simplerforms of rail, are adopted. The rail used in the edge-rail system is a flat iron bar, from 1; in. by J in. to 2f in. by f in. insection, according to the weight of the traffic, and upon the edge of this rail the wheels of the tubsrun. The rail is fixed to the sleepers by a wedge, A common form of rail laid in the main ways is the ordinary double-headed rail. This formsatisfies the requirements of underground lines, since it is of light weight, is laid upon transversesleepers, and may be easily fixed in position. When the line is to be permanent, it is laidwith cast-iron chairs in the manner adopted upon ordinar

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