File:The last American frontier (1910) (14773751615).jpg

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Identifier: lastamericanfron00paxs (find matches)
Title: The last American frontier
Year: 1910 (1910s)
Authors: Paxson, Frederic L. (Frederic Logan), 1877-1948
Subjects: Frontier and pioneer life -- West (U.S.) West (U.S.) -- History
Publisher: New York, Macmillan
Contributing Library: New York Public Library
Digitizing Sponsor: MSN

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Text Appearing Before Image:
The Indian frontier, determined upon in 1825,
had by 1840 been carried into fact, and existed un-
broken from the Red River and Texas to the Lakes.
The exodus from the old homes to the new had in
many instances been nearly completed. The tribes
were more easily persuaded to promise than to act,
and the wrench was often hard enough to produce
sullenness or even war when the moment of depar-
ture arrived. A few isolated bands had not even
agreed to go. But the figures of the migrations,
published from year to year during the thirties,
show that all of the more important nations east of
the new frontier had ceded their lands, and that by
1840 the migration was substantially over.
President Monroe had urged as an essential part
of the removal policy that when the Indians had
been transferred and colonized they should be care-
fully educated into civilization, and guarded from
contamination by the whites. Congress, in various
laws, tried to do these things. The policy of re-
moval, which had been only administrative at the
start, was confirmed by law in 1830. A formal

Text Appearing After Image:

Chief Keokuk

From a photograph of a contemporan oil painting owned by Judge C. F. Davis. Repro-
duced by permission of the Historical Department of Iowa.

THE INDIAN FRONTIER 31

Bureau of Indian Affairs was created in 1832, under
the supervision of a commissioner. In 1834 was
passed the Indian Intercourse Act, which remained
the fundamental law for half a century.
The various treaties of migration had contained
the pledge that never again should the Indians be
removed without their consent, that whites should
be excluded from the Indian Country, and that their
lands should never be included within the limits o
fany organized territory or state. To these guaran-
tees the Intercourse Act attempted to give force.
The Indian Country was divided into superintenden-
cies, agencies, and sub-agencies, into which white
entry, without license, was prohibited by law. As
the tribes were colonized, agents and schools and
blacksmiths were furnished to them in what was a
real attempt to fulfil the term

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Flickr tags
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  • bookid:lastamericanfron00paxs
  • bookyear:1910
  • bookdecade:1910
  • bookcentury:1900
  • bookauthor:Paxson__Frederic_L___Frederic_Logan___1877_1948
  • booksubject:Frontier_and_pioneer_life____West__U_S__
  • booksubject:West__U_S______History
  • bookpublisher:New_York__Macmillan
  • bookcontributor:New_York_Public_Library
  • booksponsor:MSN
  • bookleafnumber:51
  • bookcollection:newyorkpubliclibrary
  • bookcollection:americana
Flickr posted date
InfoField
29 July 2014

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