File:Toprak Kala (Khorezm, Ouzbékistan) (5609444698).jpg
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DescriptionToprak Kala (Khorezm, Ouzbékistan) (5609444698).jpg |
Panorama du site de Toprak Kala pris depuis le point le plus élevé à l'intérieur du palais royal. Toprak Kala dans le Khorezm (Karakalpakstan) était l'emplacement d'une ville ancienne fortifiée, construite en terre crue au sommet d'un promontoir. Tout autour se trouve le désert du Kyzyl Koum qui s'étend jusqu'à la mer d'Aral. D'autres citadelles parsemaient ce territoire, elles avaient pour but de défendre, des agressions des nomades, les populations habitant dans ce territoire autrefois fertile car irrigué grâce à des canaux détournant l'eau de l'Amou Darya. Cette ville s'est développée à partir du 1er siècle avant J.-C et a été abandonnée au 6ème siècle après J.-C. à la suite d'attaques de turcs nomades qui ont dévasté les canaux, privant d'eau ce territoire. Les fortifications de l'ancienne cité mesuraient 350 m par 500 m (à droite). La ville était dominée par une citadelle royale (au premier plan) dans laquelle ont été menées des fouilles par les archéologues soviétiques et ouzbeks dès 1938. Les objets ont été déposés au musée de l'Ermitage à St Pétersbourg. Les tâches blanches sont des remontées de sel. |
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Source | Toprak Kala (Khorezm, Ouzbékistan) |
Author | dalbera from Paris, France |
Other versions | Derivative works of this file: Toprak Kala (Khorezm, Uzbekistan) banner.jpg |
Camera location | 41° 55′ 45.69″ N, 60° 48′ 49.64″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 41.929357; 60.813789 |
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This image, originally posted to Flickr, was reviewed on 15 February 2013 by the administrator or reviewer File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske), who confirmed that it was available on Flickr under the stated license on that date. |
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 17:26, 15 February 2013 | 4,474 × 1,024 (1.52 MB) | File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske) (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr by User:russavia |
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This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Copyright holder |
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Author | Dalbéra, Jean-Pierre |
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Image title |
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Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS4 Windows |
File change date and time | 01:04, 11 April 2011 |
Color space | Uncalibrated |
Image width | 4,474 px |
Image height | 1,024 px |
Date and time of digitizing | 02:33, 11 April 2011 |
Date metadata was last modified | 03:04, 11 April 2011 |
Unique ID of original document | xmp.did:EEA9F451C163E0118057EF9D2B6996E0 |