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File:Total amount of gold and hybrid article processing charges (APCs) per publisher per year.png

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From the study "The oligopoly’s shift to open access: How the big five academic publishers profit from article processing charges"

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English: "Based on APC list prices and OA status, we estimate that the scientific community paid the five big academic publishers included in our analysis $1.06 billion in OA publication fees ($612.5 million for gold, and $448.3 million for hybrid OA), for 505,903 articles published in 6,252 journals between 2015 and 2018.

The number of OA articles and APCs increased annually over the 4-year period from $201.5 million for 91,375 articles in 2015 to $335.4 million for 153,746 articles in 2018 (Figure 1). According to our estimate, the largest amount of OA fees was obtained by Springer Nature ($589.7 million), followed by Elsevier ($221.4 million), Wiley ($114.3 million), Taylor & Francis ($76.8 million), and Sage ($31.6 million). Of the OA articles analyzed, 69.5% of articles were gold and 30.5% were hybrid, with a slight increase in hybrid articles from 29.0% in 2015 to 32.4% in 2018."

The study was featured in 2023 in science
Date
Source https://direct.mit.edu/qss/article/4/4/778/118070/The-oligopoly-s-shift-to-open-access-How-the-big
Author

Authors of the study: Leigh-Ann Butler, Lisa Matthias, Marc-André Simard, Philippe Mongeon,

Stefanie Haustein

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