Tremolite from Ohio, USA. (field of view: ~5.6 cm across)

A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are over 5100 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.

The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals. All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry. "Silica" refers to SiO2 chemistry. The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4. Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens "belong" to each silicon. The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4.

Amphibole is a group of silicate minerals. The garden-variety type of amphibole is hornblende. Other common varieties include tremolite and actinolite. The sample shown above is tremolite, a whitish-colored amphibole having the formula Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2 - calcium magnesium hydroxysilicate. It forms small needle-like crystals.

This nice spray of tremolite needles is hosted in dolomitic marble, a crystalline-textured metamorphic rock composed of dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2 - calcium magnesium carbonate). The rock is very likely Proterozoic in age.

Geologic context: glacial clast derived from an Upper Pleistocene till

Locality: Granville, Licking County, central Ohio, USA

Photo gallery of tremolite: