Mountains of Indonesia

Indonesia has the world's most active volcanoes and many other mountains. These mountains sit on the Ring of Fire, and predominantly found in the islands of Sumatra, Java, and Lesser Sunda Islands, and outlying islands near Maluku, with the islands of Kalimantan and Sulawesi largely devoid of volcanoes and high altitude mountains.

There are more than 500 volcanoes, 126 are active, 70 of them erupted in recent years. Sumatra has ~30 active volcanoes, Java ~35, Lesser Nusa Tenggara ~30, while Maluku and northern Sulawesi islands have ~34 volcanic islands and underwater volcanoes. These volcanoes together have around 5 millions people living around them.

Quality and featured images edit

Mahameru volcano
Mount Bromo at sunrise, showing its volcanoes and Mount Semeru (background)
Mount Baluran

Mountains of Java edit

Semeru, the highest mountain in Java, with it's highest point, Mahameru
Semeru 2004, one of three most active volcanoes in Java
Merapi, the most active volcano in the world
Merapi (1845 litograph)
Merapi (1845)
Merapi (1856)
Mount Merapi in 2014
Merapi from Merbabu
Merbabu, together with Merapi, are the most famous twin mountains of Java
Merbabu
Merbabu from Salatiga
Merapi eruption 1994 from outer space
Ijen volcano
Tangkuban Parahu
Galunggung
Galunggung eruption 1982
Galunggung eruption 1982
Papandayan
Papandayan
Mount Andong
Anjasmara
Argapura
Arjuna and Welirang
Arjuna (1872 litograph)
Batok
Batok (front) and Bromo (back, smoking)
Panorama of Tengger Caldera, featuring Mount Bromo, Semeru, Batok, Widodaren, and Kursi
Bisma
Butak
Ceremai (Cermé)
Ceremai
Cikuray
Gede
Gede (1856)
Pangrango (left) and Gede (right)
Guntur
Guntur (1856)
Ijen
Mounts Kawi, Butak, and Panderman
Kawi (litograpoh 1865)
Mount Karang
Kelud, one of three most active volcanoes in Java
Kelud
Kelud eruption 1951
Lawu
Lawu from Surakarta
Lemongan
Lemongan (1852)
Malabar
Manglayang
Muria, 1676
Muria, 1900s
Panderman
Parangro
Parangro (1882)
Patuha
Patuha (1856)
Penanggungan
Pulosari
Mount Putri
Raung
Raung
Raung
Raung
Mount Salak and Halimun
Sawal
Sindara
Sindara
Sindara and Sumbing
Sumbing from Sindara
Sumbing
Sumbing (1856)
Merbabu, Merapi, and Sumbing
Slamet
Tampomas
Tangkuban Parahu
Mount Talaga Bodas
Merbabu and Telamaya
Mount Tilu
Ungaran
Mount Wayang and Windu
Mount Wayang

Mountains of Sumatra edit

Kerinci, highest mountain in Sumatra
Dempo
Marapi (not to be confused with Merapi of Java
Geureudong
Singgalang
Singgalang
Peuet Sague
Talakmau
Mount Talang
Tandikat and Singgalang
Mount Sago
Seulawaih Agam
Sorikmarapi
Mount Ranai
Mount Kunyit (Jambi)
Mount Kunyit (Lampung)
Sinabung

Mountains of Lesser Sunda Islands edit

Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, and East Nusa Tenggara

Rinjani, highest mountain in these islands
Rinjani eruption 1994
Mount Agung, Bali
Agung eruption 2017
Mount Abang
Mount Kelimutu, Flores
Inierie
Ebulobo
Sangeang
Batur
Egon
Paluweh
Ilimuda
Iliboleng
Iliwerung
Batutara
Inelika
Mount Iya
Kelinabe
Belirang-Beriti
Masurai

Mountains of Papua edit

Mountains in Papua are generally non-volcanic

Puncak Jaya, highest mountain in Indonesia
Puncak Trikora
Puncak Mandala
Puncak Sumantri (center) and Ngga Pulu (right)
Cartenz Timur, atau Puncak Jayawijaya
Dafonsoro

Mountains in other islands edit

Mount Gamalama
Mount Gamalama
Colo eruption 1983
Mount Awu
Mount Api
Soputan and Manimporok
Lokon
Lokon eruption 2011
Tilu
Mahawu
Klabat
Wurlali
Nila
Banda
Dukono
Mount Ibu
Gamkonora
Jailolo
Makian
Mount Kaba in Kalimantan

Supervulcan edit

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) 6 and above

Mount Krakatoa 1883 (VEI 6)

Krakatoa eruption lithograph
Anak Krakatau (volcano island) created after the Krakatoa explosion
Anak Krakatau
Mount Rakata, one of the surviving volcano near Krakatoa
Featured in an old Indonesian banknote

Mount Tambora 1815 (VEI 7)

Caldera Mt Tambora, Sumbawa
Mount Tambora Volcano, Sumbawa
Panorama Mount Tambora caldera

Mount Toba (VEI 8) - erupted many thousand years ago, only leaving Lake Toba after it's violent explosion. Nowadays there is no mountain/volcano in this area.

Illustration of what the Toba eruption might have looked like around 42 km above northern Sumatra.
Lake Toba
Samosir Island, an island in the middle of the lake
Old Indonesian banknote depicting Lake Toba

Active volcanoes edit

Sinabung (never erupted before), recently erupted several times in 2010, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, and 2021. This is seen to be related to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

Sinabung
Sinabung eruption 2014
Sinabung Volcano Eruption 2018 from satellite
Sinabung eruption 2019

Merapi, the most active volcano in the world
Merapi (1845 litograph)
Merapi eruption 1994 from outer space

Mountain range edit

Bukit Barisan
Bukit Barisan volcano range in Sumatra
Dieng Plateau in Java (1856)
Menoreh Mountains in Java
Meratus mountains in Kalimantan
Arfak mountains in Papua
Star mountains, satellite image, bordering Indonesia and PNG
Star mountains, from the PNG side
Tamrau mountains
Sudirman range, home of Grassberg mine and open pit, containing largest known gold reserve in the world

Other edit

A very common painting motif among schoolchildren in Indonesia, depicting two of many mountains in Indonesia
3D map of Mount Ijen