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This documentation is transcluded from Template:HS number/doc.

This template is used to create an indented entry in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of instruments.

Entries should be understandable without having seen higher level entries.

Usage

{{HS number|1}} →

1: Category:Idiophones. instrument in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds, without requiring stretched membranes or strings.

while {{HS number|11}} →

11: Category:Struck idiophones. Instruments that produce sounds through vibration caused by percussion action - hitting, shaking, or scraping.

Complete list

1: Category:Idiophones. instrument in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds, without requiring stretched membranes or strings. +/−

11: Category:Struck idiophones. Instruments that produce sounds through vibration caused by percussion action - hitting, shaking, or scraping. +/−

111: Category:Directly struck idiophones. Instrument that is struck by a player directly; either by mechanical intermediate devices, beaters, keyboards, or by pulling ropes, etc. +/−

111.1: Concussion (clapper) idiophones. Complementary sound producing parts are stuck against each other (Category:Concussion idiophones). +/−

111.11: Stick concussion idiophones (Category:Stick concussion idiophones). +/−

111.12: Plaque concussion idiophones (Category:Plaque concussion idiophones). +/−

111.13: Trough concussion idiophones (Category:Trough concussion idiophones). +/−

111.14: Vessel concussion idiophones (Category:Vessel concussion idiophones). +/−

111.141: Hollow vessel concussion idiophones. Natural and hollowed vessel clappers. +/−

111.142: Vessel concussion idiophones with manufactured or everted rims. +/−

111.2: Percussion (mallet) idiophones. Instrument struck with or against a non-sonorous object (Category:Percussion idiophones). +/−

111.21: Stick or bar percussion idiophones (Category:Stick percussion idiophones). +/−

111.211: Individual percussion stick idiophones. +/−

111.212: Sets of percussion sticks at one plane (Category:Xylophones). +/−

111.22: Plaque percussion idiophones (Category:Plaque percussion idiophones). +/−

111.221: Individual plaque percussion idiophones. +/−

111.222: Sets of plaque percussion. +/−

111.23: Tube percussion idiophones (Category:Tube percussion idiophones). +/−

111.231: Individual tube percussion idiophones. +/−

111.232: Sets of tube percussion. +/−

111.24: Vessel percussion idiophones (Category:Vessel percussion idiophones). +/−

111.241: Percussion vessels where the vibration is strongest near the vertex (Category:Gongs). +/−

111.241.1: Individual gongs. +/−

111.241.2: Sets of gongs. +/−

111.242: Percussion vessels where the vibration is weakest near the vertex (Category:Bells). +/−

111.242.1: Individual bells. +/−

111.242.11: Individual resting bells whose opening faces upward. +/−

111.242.12: Individual hanging bells suspended from the apex. +/−

111.242.121: Individual hanging bells suspended from the apex without internal strikers. +/−

111.242.122: Individual hanging bells suspended from the apex with internal strikers. +/−

111.242.2: Sets of bells. +/−

111.242.21: Sets of resting bells whose opening faces upward. +/−

111.242.22: Sets of hanging bells suspended from the apex. +/−

111.242.221: Sets of hanging bells without internal strikers. +/−

111.242.222: Sets of hanging bells with internal strikers. +/−

112: Instrument that is not directly struck by a player; percussion results indirectly by some other movement by the player (Category:Indirectly struck idiophones). +/−

112.1: Shaken indirectly struck idiophones (Category:Shaken idiophones). +/−

112.11: Suspension rattles (Category:Suspension rattles). +/−

112.111: Strung rattles. Rattling objects that are strung in rows on a cord (Category:Strung rattles). +/−

112.112: Stick rattles. Rattling objects strung on a bar or ring (Category:Stick rattles). +/−

112.12: Frame rattles (Category:Frame rattles). +/−

112.121: Pendant rattles (Category:Pendant rattles). +/−

112.122: Sliding rattles (Category:Sliding rattles). +/−

112.13: Vessel rattles (Category:Vessel rattles). +/−

112.2: Scraped indirectly struck idiophones (Category:Scraped idiophones). +/−

112.21: Scraped sticks (Category:Scraped stick idiophones). +/−

112.211: Scraped sticks without a resonator. +/−

112.212: Scraped sticks with a resonator. +/−

112.22: Scraped tubes (Category:Scraped tube idiophones). +/−

112.23: Scraped vessels (Category:Scraped vessel idiophones). +/−

112.24: Scraped wheels/Cog rattles (Category:Scraped wheel idiophones). +/−

112.3: Indirectly struck split idiophones. +/−

12: Plucked idiophones: instruments set into vibration by plucking (Category:Lamellaphones). +/−

121: Instruments set in vibration by lamellae within a frame or hoop being plucked (Category:Frame lamellaphones).

121.1: Clack idiophones: The lamella is carved in the surface of a fruit shell, which serves as resonator.

121.2: Guimbardes and jaw harps (Category:Jaw harps): The lamella is mounted in a rod- or plaque-shaped frame and depends on the player's mouth cavity for resonance.

121.21: Idioglot guimbardes (Category:Idioglot guimbardes): The lamella is of one substance with the frame of the instrument.

121.22 Heteroglot guimbares (Category:Heteroglot guimbardes): The lamella is attached to the frame. +/−

121.1: Clack idiophones or Cricri, plucked idiophones in which the lamella is carved in the surface of a fruit shell, which serves as resonator. +/−

121.2: Guimbardes and Jaw harps (Category:Jaw harps and guimbardes), plucked idiophones in which the lamella is mounted in a rod- or plaque-shaped frame and depends on the player's mouth cavity for resonance.

121.21: Idioglot guimbardes (Category:Idioglot guimbardes): The lamella is of one substance with the frame of the instrument.

121.22 Heteroglot guimbares (Category:Heteroglot guimbardes): The lamella is attached to the frame. +/−

121.21: Idioglot guimbardes. The lamella is of one substance with the frame of the instrument. +/−

121.22: Heteroglot guimbardes. The lamella is attached to the frame of the instrument. +/−

121.221: Individual heteroglot guimbardes. +/−

121.222: Sets of heteroglot guimbardes. +/−

122: Instruments set in vibration by lamellae attached to a comb being plucked (Category:Comb lamellaphones). +/−

122.1: Instruments set in vibration by lamellae attached to a comb being plucked: lace lamellae (Category:Laced comb lamellaphones). +/−

122.11: Lace lamellae without resonator. +/−

122.12: Lace lamellae with resonator. +/−

122.2: Instruments set in vibration by lamellae attached to a comb being plucked: cut-out lamellae (Category:Cut-out comb lamellaphones). +/−

13: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing (Category:Friction idiophones). +/−

131: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: (Category:Friction stick idiophones). +/−

131.1: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: individual sticks (Category:Individual friction sticks). +/−

131.2: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: multiple sticks (Category:Multiple friction sticks). +/−

131.21: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: multiple sticks with direct friction. +/−

131.22: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: multiple sticks without direct friction. +/−

132: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing (Category:Friction plaque idiophones). +/−

132.1: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: individual plaques. +/−

132.2: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: multiple plaques. +/−

133: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing (Category:Friction vessel idiophones). +/−

133.1: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: individual vessels. +/−

133.2: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by rubbing: multiple vessels. +/−

14: Instruments set into vibration by blowing or moving air (Category:Blown idiophones). +/−

141: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon a stick or sticks (Category:Blown stick idiophones). +/−

141.1: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon a stick or sticks: individual. +/−

141.2: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon a stick or sticks: multiple. +/−

142: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon plaques (Category:Blown plaque idiophones). +/−

142.1: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon plaques: individual. +/−

142.2: Instruments in which the substance of the instrument itself produces sounds and are set into vibration by blowing upon plaques: multiple. +/−

15: Idiophones not allocated a number in the Hornbostel-Sachs system. +/−

2: Instruments in which sound is produced primarily through a vibrating membrane (Category:Membranophones). This includes all en:drums. +/−

21: Instruments which have a struck membrane (Category:Struck membranophones). +/−

211: Instruments which have a directly struck membrane (Category:Directly struck membranophones). +/−

211.1: Instruments which have a directly struck membrane in which the body of the drum is dish- or bowl-shaped (Category:Kettle drums). +/−

211.11: A single instrument which has a directly struck membrane in which the body of the drum is dish- or bowl-shaped. +/−

211.12: A set of directly struck membranophones with dish- or bowl-shaped bodies. +/−

211.2: Instruments which have a directly struck membrane in which the body is tubular (Category:Tubular drums). +/−

211.21: Tubular drums in which the body has the same diameter at the middle and end (Category:Cylindrical drums). +/−

211.211: Cylindrical drums with only one usable membrane. +/−

211.211.1: Cylindrical drums with only one usable membrane and the end without a membrane is open. +/−

211.211.2: Cylindrical drums with only one usable membrane and the end without a membrane is not open. +/−

211.212: Cylindrical drums with two usable membranes. +/−

211.212.1: Single cylindrical drums with two usable membranes. +/−

211.212.2: Sets of cylindrical drums with two usable membranes. +/−

211.22: Tubular drums in which the body is barrel-shaped (Category:Barrel drums). +/−

211.221: Barrel drums with one usable membrane. +/−

211.221.1: Barrel drums with one usable membrane in which the other end is open. +/−

211.221.2: Barrel drums with one usable membrane in which the other end is closed. +/−

211.222: Barrel drums with two usable membranes. +/−

211.222.1: Individual barrel drums with two usable membranes. +/−

211.222.2: Sets of barrel drums with two usable membranes. +/−

211.23: Tubular drums in which the body is double-conical (Category:Double-conical drums). +/−

211.231: Double-conical drums with one usable membrane. +/−

211.231.1: Double-conical drums with one usable membrane in which the end without a membrane is open. +/−

211.231.2: Double-conical drums with one usable membrane in which the end without a membrane is closed. +/−

211.232: Double-conical drums with two usable membranes. +/−

211.232.1: Individual barrel drums with two usable membranes. +/−

211.232.2: Sets of barrel drums with two usable membranes. +/−

211.24: Tubular drums in which the body is hourglass-shaped (Category:Hourglass drums). +/−

211.241: Hourglass tubular drums with one usable membrane. +/−

211.241.1: Hourglass tubular drums with one usable membrane in which the other end is open. +/−

211.241.2: Hourglass tubular drums with one usable membrane in which the other end is closed. +/−

211.242: Hourglass tubular drums with two usable membranes. +/−

211.242.1: Individual hourglass tubular drums with two usable membranes. +/−

211.242.2: Sets of hourglass tubular drums with two usable membranes. +/−

211.25: Tubular drums in which the body is conical-shaped (Category:Conical drums). +/−

211.251: Conical drums with one usable membrane. +/−

211.251.1: Conical drums with one usable membrane in which the end without a membrane is open. +/−

211.251.2: Conical drums with one usable membrane in which the end without a membrane is closed. +/−

211.252: Conical drums with two usable membranes. +/−

211.252.1: Individual conical tubular drums with two usable membranes. +/−

211.252.2: Sets of conical tubular drums with two usable membranes. +/−

211.26: Tubular drums in which the body is goblet-shaped (Category:Goblet drums). +/−

211.261: Goblet drums with one usable membrane. +/−

211.261.1: Goblet drums with one usable membrane in which the other end is open. +/−

211.261.2: Goblet drums with one usable membrane in which the other end is closed. +/−

211.262: Goblet drums with two usable membranes. +/−

211.262.1: Individual goblet tubular drums with two usable membranes. +/−

211.262.2: Sets of goblet tubular drums with two usable membranes. +/−

211.3: Instruments which have a directly struck membrane in which the body depth is not greater than the radius of the membrane (Category:Frame drums). +/−

211.31: Frame drums which do not have a handle. +/−

211.311: Frame drums which do not have a handle which have one usable membrane. +/−

211.312: Frame drums which do not have a handle which have two usable membranes. +/−

211.32: Frame drums which do have a handle. +/−

211.321: Individual frame drums which do have a handle. +/−

211.322: Sets of frame drums which do have a handle. +/−

212: Instruments which have a membrane and are shaken (Category:Pellet drums). +/−

22: Instruments with a string attached to the membrane, so that when the string is plucked, the membrane vibrates (Category:Plucked membranophones). +/−

221: Instruments with a string attached to the membrane, so that when the string is plucked, the membrane, set in a frame, vibrates (Category:Frame plucked membranophones). +/−

22: Instruments with a string attached to the membrane, so that when the string is plucked, the membrane, set in a comb, vibrates (Category:Comb plucked membranophones). +/−

23: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction (Category:Friction membranophones). +/−

231: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from being rubbed by a stick (Category:Stick friction membranophones). +/−

231.1: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from being rubbed by a stick: individual. +/−

231.11: Friction drums with a stick that can not be moved inserted in a hole in the membrane and subject to rubbing, causing friction on the membrane. +/−

231.12: Friction drums with a semi-movable stick inserted in a hole in the membrane. +/−

231.13: Friction drums with a freely-movable stick inserted in a hole in the membrane and rubbed against it. +/−

231.2: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from being rubbed by a stick: multiple. +/−

232: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from a cord (Category:Chord friction membranophones). +/−

232.1: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from a cord and the drum is held stationary. +/−

232.11: Instruments in which the drum is held stationary while playing and have only one usable membrane. +/−

232.12: Instruments in which the drum is held stationary while playing and have more than one usable membrane. +/−

232.2: Instruments in which the drum is twirled by a cord, which rubs in a notch on the stick held by the player. +/−

233: Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction from being rubbed by hands (Category:Hand friction membranophones). +/−

24: Blown membranophone: Instruments which do not produce sound of their own, but modify other sounds by way of a vibrating membrane (Category:Singing membranes). +/−

241: Instruments which do not produce sound of their own, but modify other sounds by way of a vibrating membrane without a chamber (Category:Free singing membranes). +/−

242: Instruments which do not produce sound of their own, but modify other sounds by way of a vibrating membrane with a chamber (Category:Vessel singing membranes). +/−

25: Membranophones not allocated a number in the Hornbostel-Sachs system. +/−

3: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (Category:Chordophones, Category:String instruments). +/−

31: Instruments which consist solely of a string bearer or a string bearer with a resonator that is not integral to the instrument (Category:Zither family instruments or simple chordophones). +/−

311: Instruments with a string bearer shaped like a bar, or consisting of a sideways board (Category:Bar zithers) +/−

311.1: Instruments with a flexible or curved string bearer (Category:Musical bows). +/−

311.11: Instruments with a string made from the bark of a en:cane, still attached at both ends (Category:Idiochord musical bows). +/−

311.111: Instruments in which there is only one idiochord string +/−

311.112: Instruments in which there are more than one idiochord strings, all of which pass over a bridge or toothed stick +/−

311.12: Instruments with string made from a different material than the string bearer (Category:Heterochord musical bows). +/−

311.121: Instruments with only one heterochord string +/−

311.121.1: Instrument does not have a resonator, not counting the human mouth as a resonator +/−

311.121.11: Instrument does not have a tuning noose +/−

311.121.12: Instrument has a tuning noose, i.e. a fiber noose that divides the string into two parts +/−

311.121.2: Instrument has a resonator +/−

311.121.21: Instrument has an independent resonator +/−

311.121.22: Instrument has a resonator that is attached +/−

311.121.221: Instrument does not have a tuning noose +/−

311.121.222: Instrument does have a tuning noose +/−

311.122: Instrument has several heterochord strings +/−

311.122.1: Instrument has no tuning noose +/−

311.122.2: Instrument has a tuning noose +/−

311.2: Instrument has a rigid and inflexible string carrier (true Category:Stick zithers) +/−

311.21: Instrument has a string barrier with one curved, flexible end (Category:Musical bows) +/−

311.22: Instrument has no curved or flexible end (Category:True stick zithers) +/−

311.221: Instrument has one resonator gourd +/−

311.222: Instrument has more than one resonator gourds +/−

312: Instrument has a string bearer made of a vaulted surface (Category:Tube zithers) +/−

312.1: Instrument has a string carrier made from a complete tube (Category:Whole-tube zithers) +/−

312.11: Instrument is an idiochord (Category:Idiochord whole-tube zithers). +/−

312.12: Instrument is a heterochord (Category:Heterochord whole-tube zithers). +/−

312.121: Instrument has no extra resonator +/−

312.122: Instrument has an extra resonator +/−

312.2: Instrument has strings that are stretched across a convex gutter (Category:Half-tube zithers) +/−

312.21: Instrument is an idiochord (Category:Idiochord half-tube zithers). +/−

312.22: Instrument is a heterochord (Category:Heterochord half-tube zithers). +/−

313: Instrument has a string bearer made from canes tied together like a raft (Category:Raft zithers) +/−

313.1: Instrument is an idiochord (Category:Idiochord raft zithers). +/−

313.2: Instrument is an heterochord (Category:Heterochord raft zithers). +/−

314: Instrument uses a string bearer that is shaped like a board, or is the ground (Category:Board zithers) +/−

314.1: Instrument with strings parallel to the string bearer (Category:True board zithers). +/−

314.11: Instrument without a resonator +/−

314.12: Instrument has a resonator +/−

314.121: Instrument has a resonator bowl, made from fruit shells or similar objects, or an equivalently-shaped carving (Category:Bowl zithers). +/−

314.122: Instrument has a resonator made from slats (Category:Box zithers) +/−

314.2: Instrument consists of strings that are at right angles to the string bearer (Category:Board zither variations). +/−

314.21: Instrument has only one string, and the ground is the string bearer (Category:Ground zithers) +/−

314.22: Instrument has a board which acts as string bearer for multiple strings stretched across a notched bridge (Category:Harp zithers) +/−

315: Instrument with strings stretched across the mouth of a trough (Category:Trough zithers) +/−

315.1: Instrument without a resonator +/−

315.2: Instrument has a resonator, made from a gourd or similar items +/−

316: Instrument uses strings stretched across an open frame (Category:Frame zithers) +/−

316.1: Instrument has no resonator +/−

316.2: Instrument has a resonator +/−

32: Instruments in which the en:resonator and string bearer are physically united and can not be separated without destroying the instrument (Category:Composite chordophones). +/−

321: Instruments in which the strings run in a plane parallel to the sound table (Category:Lute family instruments) +/−

321.1: Instruments in which each string has its own flexible carrier (Category:Bow lutes) +/−

321.2: Instruments in which the string is attached to a yoke that consists of a cross-bar and two arms, with the yoke lying in the same plane as the sound-table (Category:Lyre family instruments or yoke lutes) +/−

321.21: Instruments in which the resonator is bowl-shaped, either carved or natural (Category:Bowl lyres). +/−

321.22: Instruments in which the resonator is a built-up wooden box (Category:Box lyres). +/−

321.3: Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle (Category:Handle lutes) +/−

321.31: Instruments in which the handle passes diametrically through the resonator (Category:Spike lutes) +/−

321.311: Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved (Category:Spike bowl lutes) +/−

321.312: Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood (Category:Spike box lutes, Spike guitars) +/−

321.313: Instrument in which the handle passes diametrically through the walls of a tube (Category:Spike tube lutes) +/−

321.32: Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck (Category:Necked lutes) +/−

321.321: Instrument whose body is shaped like a bowl (Category:Necked bowl lutes) +/−

321.322: Instrument whose body is shaped like a box (Category:Necked box lutes) +/−

321.33: Instrument in which the handle extends into but does not pass completely through the resonator (Category:Tanged lutes) +/−

322: Instrument whose strings are at right angles to the sound table, such that a line between the lower tips of the strings would point at the neck (Category:Harps) +/−

322.1: Instrument without a pillar (Category:Open harps) +/−

322.11: Instrument has a neck that curves away from the resonator (Category:Arched harps) +/−

322.12: Instrument has a neck that sharply angles away from the resonator (Category:Angular harps) +/−

322.2: Instrument has a pillar (Category:Frame harps) +/−

322.21: Instrument has no tuning action +/−

322.211: Frame harp - Instrument is diatonic (Category:Diatonic frame harps). +/−

322.212: Frame harp - Instrument is chromatic (Category:Chromatic frame harps). +/−

322.212.1: Instrument has strings in one plane +/−

322.212.2: Instrument has strings in two planes which cross each other +/−

322.22: Instrument has tuning action +/−

322.221: Instrument can be tuned with hand levers (Category:Celtic harps). +/−

322.222: Instrument can be tuned with pedal-operated levers (Category:Pedal harps). +/−

323: Instrument has strings that lay at right angles to the sound table, so that a line joining the lower tips of the strings would be perpendicular to the neck, and the instrument has a notched bridge (Category:Harp lutes). +/−

33: Chordophones not allocated a number in the Hornbostel-Sachs system. +/−

4: Instruments in which sound is produced through vibrating air (Category:Aerophones). This includes en:wind instruments and en:free-reed instruments. +/−

41: Instruments in which the vibrating air is not contained within the instrument (Category:Free aerophones). +/−

411: Instruments in which an air-stream meets a sharp edge, or a sharp edge is moved through the air (Category:Displacement free aerophones). +/−

412: Instruments in which the vibrating air is not contained within the instrument and is interrupted periodically (Category:Interruptive free aerophones). +/−

412.1: Idiophonic interruptive aerophones or reeds. The air-stream is directed against a lamella, setting it in periodic vibration to interrupt the stream intermittently (Category:Idiophonic interruptive aerophones or reeds). +/−

412.11: Concussion reeds (Category:Concussion reed aerophones). +/−

412.12: Percussion (single lamella) reeds (Category:Percussion reed aerophones). +/−

412.121: Individual percussion reeds. +/−

412.122: Sets of percussion reeds. +/−

412.13: Free reeds (Category:Free reed aerophones). There must not be tone holes, otherwise the instrument belongs to 422.3: Category:Free reeds. +/−

412.131: Individual free reeds. +/−

412.132: Sets of free reeds (Category:Sets of free reeds). +/−

412.14: Band reeds. +/−

412.2: Non-idiophonic (not reed shaped) interruptive instruments (Category:Non-idiophonic interruptive instruments). +/−

412.21: Rotating (the interruptive agent rotates in its own plane and does not turn on its axis) aerophones (Category:Rotating aerophones). +/−

412.22: Whirling (the interruptive agent turns on its axis) aerophones (Category:Whirling aerophones). +/−

413: Instruments in which the sound is caused by a single compression and release of air (Category:Plosive aerophones). +/−

42: Instruments in which the vibrating air is contained within the instrument (Category:Non-free aerophones or 'Wind instruments proper'). +/−

421: Instruments in which the vibrating air is contained within the instrument and is created through air blowing against an edge (Category:Edge-blown aerophones). +/−

421.1: Flutes without fipple/duct (Category:Fippleless flutes). +/−

421.11: End-blown flutes (the player blows against the sharp rim at the upper open end of a tube) without fipple/duct (Category:End-blown flutes). +/−

421.111: Individual end-blown flutes without fipple (Category:Single end-blown flutes). +/−

421.111.1: Individual end-blown flutes without fipple in which the other end is open (Category:Open end-blown flutes). +/−

421.111.11: Individual end-blown flutes without fipple in which the other end is open without fingerholes. +/−

421.111.12: Individual end-blown flutes without fipple in which the other end is open with fingerholes. +/−

421.111.2: Individual end-blown flutes without fipple in which the other end is stopped/closed. +/−

421.111.21: Individual end-blown flutes without fipple in which the other end is stopped/closed without fingerholes. +/−

421.111.22: Individual end-blown flutes without fipple in which the other end is stopped/closed with fingerholes. +/−

421.112: Sets of end-blown flutes without fipple (Category:Sets of end-blown flutes). +/−

421.112.1: Sets of open end-blown flutes without fipple. +/−

421.112.11: Sets of open end-blown flutes without fipple tied together in a raft/board shape. +/−

421.112.12: Sets of open end-blown flutes without fipple tied together in a round/circle shape. +/−

421.112.2: Sets of closed end-blown flutes without fipple. +/−

421.112.3: Sets of mixed open and closed end-blown flutes without fipple. +/−

421.12: Side-blown flutes (the player blows against the sharp rim of a hole in the side of the tube) without fipple/duct (Category:Side-blown flutes). +/−

421.121: Individual side-blown flutes without fipple. +/−

421.121.1: Individual side-blown flutes without fipple which are open (Category:Open side-blown flutes). +/−

421.121.11: Individual side-blown flutes without fipple which are open without fingerholes. +/−

421.121.12: Individual side-blown flutes without fipple which are open with fingerholes. +/−

421.121.2: Individual side-blown flutes without fipple which are partly stopped/closed (Category:Partly stopped side-blown flutes). +/−

421.121.3: Individual side-blown flutes without fipple which are stopped/closed (Category:Stopped side-blown flutes). +/−

421.121.31: Individual side-blown flutes without fipple which are stopped/closed without fingerholes. +/−

421.121.311: Individual side-blown flutes without fipple which are stopped/closed without fingerholes with fixed end. +/−

421.121.312: Individual side-blown flutes without fipple which are stopped/closed without fingerholes with adjustable end. +/−

421.121.32: Individual side-blown flutes without fipple which are stopped/closed with fingerholes. +/−

421.122: Sets of side-blown flutes without fipple. +/−

421.122.1: Sets of open side-blown flutes without fipple. +/−

421.122.2: Sets of closed side-blown flutes without fipple. +/−

421.13: Vessel flutes without distinct beak (the body of the pipe is not tubular but vessel-shaped) and without fipple/duct (Category:Vessel flutes). +/−

421.2: Flutes with fipple/duct (Category:Fipple flutes). +/−

421.21: Flutes with external fipple (Category:External fipple flutes). +/−

421.211: Single flutes with external fipple. +/−

421.211.1: Open single flutes with external fipple. +/−

421.211.11: Open single flutes with external fipple without fingerholes. +/−

421.211.12: Open single flutes with external fipple with fingerholes. +/−

421.211.2: Partially stopped single flutes with external fipple. +/−

421.211.3: Stopped single flutes with external fipple. +/−

421.212: Sets of flutes with external fipple. +/−

421.22: Flutes with internal fipple (Category:Internal fipple flutes). +/−

421.221: Individual flutes with internal fipple. +/−

421.221.1: Individual open flutes with internal fipple. +/−

421.221.11: Individual open flutes with internal fipple without fingerholes (Category:Whistles). +/−

421.221.12: Individual open flutes with internal fipple with fingerholes. +/−

421.221.2: Individual partly-stopped flutes with internal fipple. +/−

421.221.3: Individual stopped flutes with internal fipple. +/−

421.221.31: Individual stopped flutes with internal fipple without fingerholes. +/−

421.221.311: Individual stopped flutes with internal fipple without fingerholes with fixed end. +/−

421.221.312: Individual stopped flutes with internal fipple without fingerholes with adjustable end. +/−

421.221.32: Individual stopped flutes with internal fipple with fingerholes. +/−

421.221.4: Vessel flutes with fipple. +/−

421.221.41: Vessel flutes with fipple without fingerholes. +/−

421.221.42: Vessel flutes with fipple with fingerholes. +/−

421.222: Sets of flutes with internal fipple. +/−

421.222.1: Sets of open flutes with internal fipple. +/−

421.222.11: Sets of open flutes with internal fipple without fingerholes. +/−

421.222.12: Sets of open flutes with internal fipple with fingerholes. +/−

421.222.2: Sets of partly-stopped flutes with internal fipple. +/−

421.222.3: Sets of stopped flutes with internal fipple. +/−

422: Instruments in which the vibrating air is contained within the instrument and is created through air directed against a lamella or pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion (Category:Reed aerophones). +/−

422.1: Instruments in which the player's breath is directed against a pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion (Category:Double-reed instruments). +/−

422.11: Individual oboes (Category:Single oboes). +/−

422.111: Individual oboes with cylindrical bores (Category:Single oboes with cylindrical bore). +/−

422.111.1: Individual oboes with cylindrical bores and without fingerholes. +/−

422.111.2: Individual oboes with cylindrical bores and with fingerholes. +/−

422.112: Individual oboes with conical bores (Category:Single oboes with conical bore). +/−

422.12: Sets of oboes. +/−

422.121: Sets of oboes with cylindrical bores. +/−

422.122: Sets of oboes with conical bores. +/−

422.2: Instruments in which the player's breath is directed against a single lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion (Category:Single-reed instruments). +/−

422.21: Individual clarinets (Category:Single clarinets). +/−

422.211: Individual clarinets with cylindrical bores (Category:Single clarinets with cylindrical bore). +/−

422.211.1: Individual clarinets with cylindrical bores and without fingerholes. +/−

422.211.2: Individual clarinets with cylindrical bores and with fingerholes. +/−

422.212: Individual clarinets with conical bores (Category:Single clarinets with conical bore). +/−

422.22: Sets of clarinets. +/−

422.3: Instruments in which a reed vibrates through [at] a closely fitted frame (Category:Free reeds). There must be tone holes, otherwise the instrument belongs to the free reeds 412.1 (Category:Idiophonic interruptive aerophones or reeds). +/−

422.31: Single pipes with free reed. +/−

422.32: Double pipes with free reed. +/−

423: Instruments in which the vibrating air is contained within the instrument and is created through the player's vibrating lips setting the air in motion (Category:Trumpet family instruments). +/−

423.1: Instruments in which the player's vibrating lips set the air in motion and are the only means of changing the pitch (Category:Natural trumpet family instruments). +/−

423.11: Conch (serving as horn) (Category:Conches (musical instruments)). +/−

423.111: End blown conch. +/−

423.111.1: End blown conch without mouthpiece. +/−

423.111.2: End blown conch with mouthpiece. +/−

423.112: Side-blown conch. +/−

423.12: Category:Tubular trumpets. +/−

423.121: End-blown tubular trumpets (Category:End-blown trumpets). +/−

423.121.1: Straight end-blown tubular trumpets, neither bent nor folded. +/−

423.121.11: Straight end-blown tubular trumpets, neither bent nor folded without mouthpiece. +/−

423.121.12: Straight end-blown tubular trumpets, neither bent nor folded with mouthpiece. +/−

423.121.2: Curved or folded end-blown tubular trumpets (Category:Natural horns). +/−

423.121.21: Curved or folded end-blown tubular trumpets, neither bent nor folded without mouthpiece (Category:Natural horns without mouthpiece). +/−

423.121.22: Curved or folded end-blown tubular trumpets, neither bent nor folded with mouthpiece (Category:Natural horns with mouthpiece). +/−

423.122: Side-blown tubular trumpets (Category:Side-blown trumpets). +/−

423.2: Instruments in which the player's vibrating lips set the air in motion though the pitch may be altered mechanically (Category:Chromatic trumpets). +/−

423.21: Keyed chromatic horns (Category:Keyed chromatic trumpets). +/−

423.22: Category:Slide trumpet family instruments. +/−

423.23: Category:Valved chromatic trumpets. +/−

423.231: Valved chromatic horns with conical bore (Category:Valved chromatic trumpets with conical bore). +/−

423.232: Valved chromatic horns with semi-conical bore (Category:Valved chromatic trumpets with semi-conical bore). +/−

423.233: Valved chromatic horns with cylindrical bore (Category:Valved chromatic trumpets with cylindrical bore). +/−

43: Aerophones not allocated a number in the Hornbostel-Sachs system. +/−

5: Electrophones - Instruments that generate their sound electronically (Category:Electrophones). +/−

51: Electrophones - Instruments having electric action. +/−

52: Electrophones - Instruments having electrical amplification. +/−

53: Electrophones - Instruments in which sound is produced by electrical means (Category:Radioelectric instruments). +/−

54: Electrophones - Electrophones not allocated a number in the Hornbostel-Sachs system. +/−

See also

• {{Musical instrument categories}}

Hornbostel-Sachs musical instrument categories

• Category:Musical instruments
• Category:Scientific musical instruments classification
• 1 Category:Idiophones
  • 11 Category:Struck idiophones
    • 111 Category:Directly struck idiophones
      • 111.1 Category:Concussion idiophones
        • 111.11 Category:Stick concussion idiophones
        • 111.12 Category:Plaque concussion idiophones
        • 111.13 Category:Trough concussion idiophones
        • 111.14 Category:Vessel concussion idiophones
      • 111.2 Category:Percussion idiophones
        • 111.21 Category:Stick percussion idiophones
        • 111.22 Category:Plaque percussion idiophones (Category:Lithophones)
        • 111.23 Category:Tube percussion idiophones
        • 111.24 Category:Vessel percussion idiophones
          • 111.241 Category:Gongs
            • 111.241.1 Category:Individual gongs
            • 111.241.2 Category:Sets of gongs
          • 111.242 Category:Bells
          • 111.243 Category:Slit drums
    • 112 Category:Indirectly struck idiophones
      • 112.1 Category:Shaken idiophones (rattles)
        • 112.11 Category:Suspension rattles
          • 112.111 Category:Strung rattles
          • 112.112 Category:Stick rattles
        • 112.12 Category:Frame rattles
          • 112.121 Category:Pendant rattles
          • 112.122 Category:Sliding rattles
        • 112.13 Category:Vessel rattles
      • 112.2 Category:Scraped idiophones
        • 112.21 Category:Scraped stick idiophones
        • 112.22 Category:Scraped tube idiophones
        • 112.23 Category:Scraped vessel idiophones
        • 112.24 Category:Scraped wheel idiophones
  • 12 Category:Lamellaphones (plucked idiophones)
    • 121 Category:Frame lamellaphones
      • 121.2 Category:Jaw harps and guimbardes
        • 121.21 Category:Idioglot guimbardes
        • 121.22 Category:Heteroglot guimbardes
    • 122 Category:Comb lamellaphones
      • 122.1 Category:Laced comb lamellaphones
      • 122.2 Category:Cut-out comb lamellaphones
  • 13 Category:Friction idiophones
    • 131 Category:Friction stick idiophones
      • 131.1 Category:Individual friction sticks
      • 131.2 Category:Multiple friction sticks
    • 132 Category:Friction plaque idiophones
      • 132.1 Category:Individual friction plaque idiophones
      • 132.2 Category:Sets of friction plaque idiophones
    • 133 Category:Friction vessel idiophones
      • 133.1 Category:Individual friction vessel idiophones
      • 133.2 Category:Sets of friction vessel idiophones
  • 14 Category:Blown idiophones
• 2 Category:Membranophones
  • 21 Category:Struck membranophones
    • 211 Category:Directly struck membranophones
      • 211.1 Category:Kettle drums
      • 211.2 Category:Tubular drums
        • 211.21 Category:Cylindrical drums
        • 211.22 Category:Barrel drums
        • 211.23 Category:Double-conical drums
        • 211.24 Category:Hourglass drums
        • 211.25 Category:Conical drums
      • 211.3 Category:Frame drums
    • 212 :Category:Indirectly struck membranophones
  • 22 Category:Plucked membranophones
    • 221 Category:Frame plucked membranophones
    • 222 Category:Comb plucked membranophones
  • 23 Category:Friction membranophones
    • 231 Category:Stick friction membranophones
    • 232 Category:Chord friction membranophones
    • 233 Category:Hand friction membranophones
  • 24 Category:Singing membranes (blown membranophones)
    • 241 Category:Free singing membranes
    • 242 Category:Vessel singing membranes
• 3 Category:Chordophones
  • 31 Category:Zither family instruments (Category:Simple chordophones)
    • 311 Category:Bar or stick zithers
      • 311.1 Category:Musical bows
        • 311.11 Category:Idiochord musical bows
        • 311.12 Category:Heterochord musical bows
      • 311.2 Category:Stick zithers
        • 311.21 Category:Musical bow cum stick
        • 311.22 Category:(True) Stick Zithers
          • 311.221 Category:(True) Stick Zithers with one resonator gourd
          • 311.222 Category:(True) Stick Zithers with several resonator gourds
    • 312 Category:Tube zithers
    • 313 Category:Raft zithers
    • 314 Category:Board zithers
      • 314.1 Category:True board zithers
        • 314.11 Category:True board zithers without resonator
        • 314.12 Category:True board zithers with resonator
          • 314.121 Category:Bowl zithers
          • 314.122 Category:Box zithers
      • 314.2 Category:Board zither variations
        • 314.21 Category:Ground zithers
        • 314.22 Category:Harp zithers
    • 315 Category:Trough zithers
    • 316 Category:Frame zithers
  • 32 Category:Composite chordophones
    • 321 Category:Lute family instruments
      • 321.1 Category:Bow lutes
      • 321.2 Category:Lyre family instruments (yoke lutes)
        • 321.21 Category:Bowl lyres
        • 321.22 Category:Box lyres
      • 321.3 Category:Handle lutes
        • 321.31 Category:Spike lutes
          • 321.311 Category:Spike bowl lutes
          • 321.312 Category:Spike box lutes
          • 321.313 Category:Spike tube lutes
        • 321.32 Category:Necked lutes
          • 321.321 Category:Necked bowl lutes
          • 321.322 Category:Necked box lutes
    • 322 Category:Harps
      • 322.1 Category:Open harps
        • 322.11 Category:Arched harps
        • 322.12 Category:Angular harps
      • 322.2 Category:Frame harps
        • 322.21 Category:Frame harps without tuning
          • 322.211 Category:Diatonic frame harps
          • 322.212 Category:Chromatic frame harps
            • 322.212.1 Category:Inline chromatic harps
            • 322.212.2 Category:Cross-strung chromatic harps
        • 322.22 Category:Frame harps with tuning
          • 322.221 Category:Lever harps (Category:Celtic harps)
          • 322.222 Category:Pedal harps
    • 323 Category:Harp lutes
• 4 Category:Aerophones
  • 41 Category:Free aerophones
    • 411 Category:Displacement free aerophones
    • 412 Category:Interruptive free aerophones
      • 412.1 Category:Idiophonic interruptive aerophones or reeds
        • 412.11 Category:Concussion reed aerophones
        • 412.12 Category:Percussion reed aerophones
        • 412.13 Category:Free reed aerophones without fingerholes
          • 412.131 Category:Individual free reeds without fingerholes
          • 412.132 Category:Sets of free reeds without fingerholes (Category:Squeezeboxes)
      • 412.2 Category:Non-idiophonic interruptive free aerophones
        • 412.21 Category:Rotating aerophones
        • 412.22 Category:Whirling aerophones
    • 413 Category:Plosive aerophones
  • 42 Category:Non-free aerophones
    • 421 Category:Edge-blown aerophones (Category:Flutes)
      • 421.1 Category:Fippleless flutes
        • 421.11 Category:End-blown flutes
          • 421.111 Category:Single end-blown flutes
            • 421.111.1 Category:Open end-blown flutes
          • 421.112 Category:Sets of end-blown flutes
            • 421.112.1 Category:Sets of open end-blown flutes
        • 421.12 Category:Side-blown flutes
          • • 421.121.1 Category:Open side-blown flutes
              • 421.121.12 Category:Western concert flutes
            • 421.121.2 Category:Partly stopped side-blown flutes
            • 421.121.3 Category:Stopped side-blown flutes
              • 421.121.31 Category:Stopped side-blown flutes without fingerholes
              • 421.121.32 Category:Stopped side-blown flutes with fingerholes
        • 421.13 Category:Vessel flutes
      • 421.2 Category:Fipple flutes
        • 421.21 Category:External fipple flutes
        • 421.22 Category:Internal fipple flutes
          • 421.221.11 Category:Whistles
    • 422 Category:Reed aerophones
      • 422.1 Category:Double-reed instruments
        • 422.11 Category:Single oboes
          • 422.111 Category:Single oboes with cylindrical bore
          • 422.112 Category:Single oboes with conical bore
      • 422.2 Category:Single-reed instruments
        • 422.21 Category:Single clarinets
          • 422.211 Category:Single clarinets with cylindrical bore
          • 422.212 Category:Single clarinets with conical bore
      • 422.3 Category:Free reeds with fingerholes
    • 423 Category:Trumpet family instruments)
      • 423.1 Category:Natural trumpet family instruments
        • 423.11 Category:Conches (musical instruments)
          • 423.111 Category:End-blown conches
          • 423.112 Category:Side-blown conches
        • 423.12 Category:Tubular trumpets
          • 423.121 Category:End-blown trumpets
            • 423.121.1 Category:Straight end-blown trumpets
            • 423.121.2 Category:Natural horns (curved end-blown trumpets)
              • 423.121.21 Category:Natural horns without mouthpiece
              • 423.121.22 Category:Natural horns with mouthpiece
          • 423.122 Category:Side-blown trumpets
      • 423.2 Category:Chromatic trumpets
        • 423.21 Category:Keyed chromatic trumpets
        • 423.22 Category:Slide trumpet family instruments
        • 423.23 Category:Valved chromatic trumpets
          • 423.231 Category:Valved chromatic trumpets with conical bore
          • 423.232 Category:Valved chromatic trumpets with semi-conical bore
          • 423.233 Category:Valved chromatic trumpets with cylindrical bores
• 5 Category:Electrophones
• {{HS number}}
• See also: Category:Elemental organology