User talk:Donald Trung/Archive 105
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Vietnamese cash coins missing on Wikimedia Commons
On a final note 📝, there are actually a lot kf images of Vietnamese cash coins on Wikimedia Commons that you can use for Numista, you can also just ask the people from Zeno.ru. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 20:07, 15 July 2019 (UTC) .
Have you seen this catalogue? Credibility of this catalogue?
Hi, Greetings! :) Have you seen this catalogue before? Do you know of its credibility? Certainly quite interesting. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1l8JrIz1Na3X289m7nBxfGEnS6R63rKJA/view?usp=sharing
BrianTheInternetSurfer (talk) 09:59, 30 June 2019 (UTC)
- @BrianTheInternetSurfer: , thank you for bringing this book to my attention, I will ask some credible numismatists if they can pass their judgement of this book onto me, and I will take it through. I will update you once I know more about it. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 00:20, 1 July 2019 (UTC)
@BrianTheInternetSurfer: I went through the book and saw that it was incomplete and mostly only contains surface level information, but my contacts said that it is a Great book but that is has been superseded by newer works. Thanks for sharing with this book 📚 with me. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 12:55, 8 July 2019 (UTC)
I personally will compare it to other works in my possession, have you contacted Dr. R. Allan Barker (rab@sudokuone.com. (link 🔗) or rab@allanbarker.com (link 🔗)), yet? He is the leading expert author in official and semi-official Vietnamese cash coins. Or you could contact Bruce Griffith (Brucergriffith@aol.com) as this bloke is a true sage of Vietnamese cash coins, his knowledge on the subject dwarfs even the most veteran experts and he has a huge network of other experts to pass questions to. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 12:57, 8 July 2019 (UTC)
@BrianTheInternetSurfer: , I forgot to mention some oddities in the book, namely that the Bảo Đại Thông Bảo (Hán tự: 保大通寶) series of cash coins is completely missing and that the book ends at the earlier Khải Định Thông Bảo (啓定通寶) cash coins. Unrelated, but my Google Mail (Gmail) is completely full and I can't receive any e-mails anymore in it, including notifications from Numista or other websites where I registered with that e-mail address so if I didn't respond to anything it was because of that, so you can always contact me here if you have any more questions, plus you can ask the experts above. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 07:43, 13 July 2019 (UTC)
A buddy of mine working in the Hanoi-based Museum of Vietnamese History said that according to him, there was a large group of Japanese, Vietnamese, and "International" (code word for "Foreign") numismatists congregating there in early July to fact check which cash coins were authentic and which ones are speculation, I Ecosiad the name of the conference (in Vietnamese) and found nothing, but I will ask him for some contacts. There are a lot of privately produced and unofficial cash coins attributed to Vietnam and no-one actually wishes to tackle the issue due to the the immense amount of diversity and the Herculean task of documenting them all, but I know that Dr. Barker (rab@sudokuone.com. (link 🔗) or rab@allanbarker.com (link 🔗)) has stopped working on it for that reason so you won't be able to use him for Numista anytime sokn. Bruce Griffith (Brucergriffith@aol.com) is someone who is mapping out all of the unofficial "Vietnamese" cash Coins, but his domain is Zeno.ru because all the experts are already there, the consensus seems to be that privately produced Vietnamese cash coins need to be documented but the amounts of research neeeded is so depressing much that it disincentivises anyone willing to work on it, quite sad. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 16:47, 15 July 2019 (UTC)
What I meant to say is that Zeno.ru is currently the best website to keep track of all the privately produced Vietnamese cash coins, while Wikimedia is the best website for everything else (at least, until "the next big standard work comes out", but that could be decades in the future, let's not ignore that the widely used work by Eduardo Toda y Güell came out during the 19th (nineteenth) century and was used until 2005 as the standard English-language work on Vietnamese cash coins), I think that maybe we should just focus on the official issues for now as it's quite clear that there probably won't be much more development into their respective fields and the entirety of the list is already on Wikipedia, meanwhile for privately produced Vietnamese cash coins I run into too much obstacles to even create a good categorising system. Vietnamese calligraphy is too idiosyncratic to adhere to the Japanese-made indexing system in this respect, this also leaves a lot of room for idiochronological (not a word yet, so I'm cooking coining it here) systems to disregard actual authorship making the categorisation system useless for actual dating purposes. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 16:56, 15 July 2019 (UTC)
I actually forgot to note 📝, that I have not witnessed any new developments in the world 🗺 of oriental numismatics in a while, Gary Ashkenazy's ( גארי אשכנזי) Primaltrek / Primal Trek and Dr. Helen Wang's Chinese Money Matters are essentially the last developments, I have essentially listed every cash coin on Wikipedia and expanded every other topic on Asian numismatics to the maximum level 🎚 with the information ℹ available (to me?) today. All that's really left is to import Images of banknotes. Regarding Korean cash Coins, this is basically the only category where I really failed at, listing all the major varieties on Wikipedia and their histories was easy, getting freely licensed Images of them... Not so much. Japanese cash Coins were largely already done thanks to the amazing works of Japanese-language Wikipedians, and Vietnamese cash Coins are a bit harder to come by. My initial dream was to replace every standard catalogue 📇 with Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons, I largely succeeded, but the leftover gaps still need to be filled, with banknotes this is much easier as you can't copyright © scans of 2D (two D) images. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 17:59, 15 July 2019 (UTC)
I will actually give a later breakdown on some criticism I've received on the "Vietnamese cash" article that I haven't been able to work into the article due to a lack of sources I could back the changes up, I will share it later when I'll have the time, so you could use it for https://en.numista.com/ Numista] and the likes. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 18:04, 15 July 2019 (UTC)
Criticism by Bruce Griffith on the List of Vietnamese cash coins on Wikipedia
Well, I’ve been meaning to e-mail 📧 you this but I’ve lost my old 🧓 old e-mail 📧 account due to it running out of storage so I can’t forward anything anymore, anyhow Bruce Griffith sent me some criticism which I could have used if he also sent me the books 📚 he used so I couldn't implement them, but I will explain everything below.
For context here is the current version (Mobile 📱) with notes for you IN ALL CAPS so you could use that for Numista.
During the almost 1000 years that Vietnamese copper cash coins were produced, they often significantly changed quality, alloy, size, and workmanship. In general, the coins bear the era name(s) of the monarch (Niên hiệu/Template:Linktext) but may also be inscribed with mint marks, denominations, miscellaneous characters, and decorations. HE NOTED THAT I SHOULD ADD MINT MARKS TO THIS LIST AS WELL AS MINT MARKS ARE FAIRLY IMPORTANT INDICATORS AND SYMBOLS USED ON VIETNAMESE CASH COINS.
Unlike Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and Ryūkyūan cash coins that always have the inscription in only one typeface, Vietnamese cash coins tend to be more idiosyncratic bearing sometimes Regular script, Seal script, and even Running script on the same coins for different characters, and it's not uncommon for one coin to be cast almost entirely in one typeface but has an odd character in another. Though early Vietnamese coins often bore the calligraphic style of the Chinese Khai Nguyên Thông Bảo (開元通寶) coin, especially those from the Đinh until the Trần dynasties.[1] HE, BRUCE GRIFFITH, NITED/ STATED THAT SUCH IDENTIFICATIONS DON’T ALWAYS APPLY TO ALL LÊ ERA CASH CONAGE.
The following coins were produced to circulate in Vietnam:
Template:Orange indicates that the cash coin has been mentioned by historical sources but that no modern authentic specimen has ever been recovered.
Green text indicates that this cash coin has been recovered in modern times but is not mentioned in any historical chronicles.
Blue text indicates that the cash coin has its own article on Wikipedia.[a]
(中) indicates that there exists a Chinese, Khitan, Tangut, Jurchen, Mongol, and/or Manchu cash coin (including rebel coinages) with the same legend as the Vietnamese cash coin.
Further reading: List of Chinese cash coins by inscription.
Template:Fuchsia = Indicates that this is a misattributed cash coin (these cash coins were noted by historical sources or standard catalogues but later turned out to be misattributed).
Template:Gold (color) Indicates that this is a fake or fantasy referenced by Eduardo Toda y Güell in his Annam and its Minor Currency (pdf), the possible existence of these cash coins have not been verified by any later works.
| Inscription (chữ Quốc ngữ) |
Inscription (Hán tự) |
Years of mintage | Dynasty | Monarch(s) | Toda image | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thái Bình Hưng Bảo[b] BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT IT ACTUALLY IS DAI-BINH HUNG-BAO RATHER THAN THAI-BINH HUNG-BAO, BUT STANDARD WORKS USE THE INCORRECT INSCRIPTION. | 太平興寶 | 970–979 | Đinh (丁) | Đinh Tiên Hoàng (丁先皇) Đinh Phế Đế (丁廢帝) |
 |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Thiên Phúc Trấn Bảo | 天福鎮寶 | 986 | Early Lê (前黎) | Lê Hoàn (黎桓) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Template:Gold (color) BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN IS AS GOOD AS 100% (ONE-HUNDRED PERCENT) FANTASY AS NONE OF EDUARDO TODA Y GÜELL’S “LÊ-ONLY CASH COINS” HAVE EVER BEEN FOUND OUTSIDE OF THIS CONTEXT. | 黎 | 986 | Early Lê (前黎) | Lê Hoàn (黎桓) |  |
None |
| Thuận Thiên Đại Bảo | 順天大寶 | 1010–1028 | Lý (李) | Lý Thái Tổ (李太祖) |  |
|
| Càn Phù Nguyên Bảo | 乾符元寶 | 1039–1041 | Lý (李) | Lý Thái Tông (李太宗) |  |
_at_room_4_Ly_Dynasty_(11th_-_13th_c.)_of_the_Museum_of_Vietnamese_History.jpg)
|
| Minh Đạo Nguyên Bảo (中) | 明道元寶 | 1042–1043 | Lý (李) | Lý Thái Tông (李太宗) | None | _at_room_4_Ly_Dynasty_(11th_-_13th_c.)_of_the_Museum_of_Vietnamese_History.jpg)
|
| Thiên Phù Thông Bảo[c] | 天符通寶 | 1120–1127 | Lý (李) | Lý Nhân Tông (李仁宗) | None | _at_room_4_Ly_Dynasty_(11th_-_13th_c.)_of_the_Museum_of_Vietnamese_History.jpg)
|
| Template:Fuschia[d] BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THIS IS MOST LIKELY A FANTASY. | 天符元寶 | 1120–1127 | Lý (李) | Lý Nhân Tông (李仁宗) |  |
None |
| Template:Fuschia (中) | 大定通寶 | 1140–1162 | Lý (李) | Lý Anh Tông (李英宗) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Template:Gold (color) BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THIS IS MOST LIEKLY EXCLUSIVELY A PRIVATELY MINTED VIETNAMESE CASH COIN FROM A LATER PERIOD. | 天感通寶 | 1044–1048 | Lý (李) | Lý Anh Tông (李英宗) |  |
None |
| Thiên Cảm Nguyên Bảo | 天感元寶 | 1174–1175 | Lý (李) | Lý Anh Tông (李英宗) | None | |
| Chính Long Nguyên Bảo | 正隆元寶 | 1174–1175 | Lý (李) | Lý Anh Tông (李英宗) | None | _at_room_4_Ly_Dynasty_(11th_-_13th_c.)_of_the_Museum_of_Vietnamese_History1.jpg)
|
| Template:Orange | 天資通寶 | 1202–1204 | Lý (李) | Lý Cao Tông (李高宗) |  |
None |
| Thiên Tư Nguyên Bảo | 天資元寶 | 1202–1204 | Lý (李) | Lý Cao Tông (李高宗) | None | |
| Template:Orange (中)[e] | 治平通寶 | 1205–1210 | Lý (李) | Lý Cao Tông (李高宗) |  |
None |
| Trị Bình Nguyên Bảo | 治平元寶 | 1205–1210 | Lý (李) | Lý Cao Tông (李高宗) |  |
_at_room_4_Ly_Dynasty_(11th_-_13th_c.)_of_the_Museum_of_Vietnamese_History3.jpg)
|
| Template:Fuchsia[2] (中)[f] | 咸平元寶 | 1205–1210 | Lý (李) | Lý Cao Tông (李高宗) | None | 
|
| Kiến Trung Thông Bảo (中) THE CALLIGRAPHY USED BY EDUARDO TODA Y GÜELL LOOKS MORE LIKE THE CHINESE CASH COINS THAN THE VIETNAMESE CASH COIN. | 建中通寶 | 1225–1237 | Trần (陳) | Trần Thái Tông (陳太宗) | None | |
| Trần Nguyên Thông Bảo | 陳元通寶 | 1225–1237 | Trần (陳) | Trần Thái Tông (陳太宗) | None | |
| Chính Bình Thông Bảo | 政平通寶 | 1238–1350 | Trần (陳) | Trần Thái Tông (陳太宗) | None | |
| Nguyên Phong Thông Bảo (中) | 元豐通寶 | 1251–1258 | Trần (陳) | Trần Thái Tông (陳太宗) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Thiệu Long Thông Bảo | 紹隆通寶 | 1258–1272 | Trần (陳) | Trần Thánh Tông (陳聖宗) | None | |
| Hoàng Trần Thông Bảo | 皇陳通寶 | 1258–1278 | Trần (陳) | Trần Thánh Tông (陳聖宗) | None | |
| Hoàng Trần Nguyên Bảo | 皇陳元寶 | 1258–1278 | Trần (陳) | Trần Thánh Tông (陳聖宗) | None | |
| Khai Thái Nguyên Bảo | 開太元寶 | 1324–1329 | Trần (陳) | Trần Minh Tông (陳明宗) | None | |
| Thiệu Phong Bình Bảo | 紹豐平寶 | 1341–1357 | Trần (陳) | Trần Dụ Tông (陳裕宗) |  |
|
| Thiệu Phong Nguyên Bảo | 紹豐元寶 | 1341–1357 | Trần (陳) | Trần Dụ Tông (陳裕宗) |  |
|
| Đại Trị Thông Bảo | 大治通寶 | 1358–1369 | Trần (陳) | Trần Dụ Tông (陳裕宗) |  |
|
| Đại Trị Nguyên Bảo | 大治元寶 | 1358–1369 | Trần (陳) | Trần Dụ Tông (陳裕宗) |  |
|
| Cảm Thiệu Nguyên Bảo | 感紹元寶 | 1368–1370 | Trần (陳) | Hôn Đức Công (昏德公) |  |
|
| Cảm Thiệu Nguyên Bảo | 感紹元宝 | 1368–1370 | Trần (陳) | Hôn Đức Công (昏德公) |  |
|
| Đại Định Thông Bảo (中) | 大定通寶 | 1368–1370 | Trần (陳) | Hôn Đức Công (昏德公) | None | |
| Thiệu Khánh Thông Bảo | 紹慶通寶 | 1370–1372 | Trần (陳) | Trần Nghệ Tông (陳藝宗) | None | |
| Xương Phù Thông Bảo | 昌符通寶 | 1377–1388 | Trần (陳) | Trần Phế Đế (陳廢帝) | None | |
| Template:Fuchsia[g] | 熙元通寶 | 1381–1382 | None | Nguyễn Hi Nguyên (阮熙元) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Thiên Thánh Nguyên Bảo | 天聖元寶 | 1391–1392 | None | Sử Thiên Thánh (使天聖) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Thánh Nguyên Thông Bảo | 聖元通寶 | 1400 | Hồ (胡) | Hồ Quý Ly (胡季犛) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Template:Fuchsia[h] | 紹元通寶 | 1401–1402 | Hồ (胡) | Hồ Hán Thương (胡漢蒼) |  |
|
| Template:Fuchsia (中)[i] | 漢元通寶 | 1401–1407 | Hồ (胡) | Hồ Hán Thương (胡漢蒼) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Hán Nguyên Thánh Bảo | 漢元聖寶 | 1401–1407 | Hồ (胡) | Hồ Hán Thương (胡漢蒼) |  |
|
| Template:Fuchsia[j] THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN TURNED OUT TO BE CHINESE IN NEWER LITERATURE. | 天平通寶 | 1405–1406 | None | Thiên Bình (天平) |  |
|
| Template:Orange | 永寧通寶 | 1420 | None | Lộc Bình Vương (羅平王) |  |
BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN IS INCREDIBLY WRONG. |
| Template:Gold (color)[k] | 交趾通寶 | 1419 | Minh (明) | Vĩnh Lạc Emperor (永樂帝) |  |
None |
| Vĩnh Thiên Thông Bảo | 永天通寶 | 1420 | None | Lê Ngạ (黎餓) | |
|
| Thiên Khánh Thông Bảo (中) | 天慶通寶 | 1426–1428 | Later Trần (後陳) | Thiên Khánh Đế (天慶帝) | None | |
| Template:Fuchsia BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT NO-ONE TRULY KNOWS WHO MADE THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN. | 安法元寶 | Rebellion[l] | Later Lê (後黎) | Lê Lợi (黎利) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Template:Fuchsia[m] | 正法元寶 | Rebellion | Later Lê (後黎) | Lê Lợi (黎利) |  |
|
| Template:Fuchsia[n] | 治聖元寶 | Rebellion | Later Lê (後黎) | Lê Lợi (黎利) |  |
|
| Template:Fuchsia[o] | 治聖平寶 | Rebellion | Later Lê (後黎) | Lê Lợi (黎利) |  |
|
| Template:Gold (color) BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN WAS PROBABLY MADE UP BY EDUARDO TODA Y GÜELL. | 太法平寶 | Rebellion | Later Lê (後黎) | Lê Lợi (黎利) |  |
None |
| Template:Fuchsia[p] | 聖宮通寶 | Rebellion | Later Lê (後黎) | Lê Lợi (黎利) |  |
|
| Thuận Thiên Thông Bảo | 順天通寶 | 1428–1433 | Later Lê (後黎) | Lê Thái Tổ (黎太祖) | None | |
| Thuận Thiên Nguyên Bảo (中) | 順天元寶 | 1428–1433 | Later Lê (後黎) | Lê Thái Tổ (黎太祖) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Thiệu Bình Thông Bảo | 紹平通寶 | 1434–1440 | Later Lê (後黎) | Lê Thái Tông (黎太宗) |  |
_-_Scott_Semans_02.jpg)
|
| Đại Bảo Thông Bảo BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THE IMAGE FROM EDUARDO TODA Y GÜELL IS VERY WRONG 👎🏻 AND THAT I SHOULD USE THE OTHER IMAGES FROM WIKIMEDIA COMMONS ON THIS SUBJECT. | 大寶通寶 | 1440–1442 | Later Lê (後黎) | Lê Thái Tông (黎太宗) |  |
_-_Scott_Semans_03.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Thái Hòa Thông Bảo[q] | 太和通寶 | 1443–1453 | Later Lê (後黎) | Lê Nhân Tông (黎仁宗) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Diên Ninh Thông Bảo | 延寧通寶 | 1454–1459 | Later Lê (後黎) | Lê Nhân Tông (黎仁宗) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Thiên Hưng Thông Bảo | 天興通寶 | 1459–1460 | Later Lê (後黎) | Lê Nghi Dân (黎宜民) |  |
|
| Quang Thuận Thông Bảo | 光順通寶 | 1460–1469 | Later Lê (後黎) | Lê Thánh Tông (黎聖宗) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Hồng Đức Thông Bảo | 洪德通寶 | 1470–1497 | Later Lê (後黎) | Lê Thánh Tông (黎聖宗) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Cảnh Thống Thông Bảo | 景統通寶 | 1497–1504 | Later Lê (後黎) | Lê Hiến Tông (黎憲宗) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Đoan Khánh Thông Bảo | 端慶通寶 | 1505–1509 | Later Lê (後黎) | Lê Uy Mục (黎威穆) |  |
|
| Giao Trị Thông Bảo | 交治通寶 | 1509 | None | Cẩm Giang Vương (錦江王) |  |
|
| Thái Bình Thông Bảo | 太平通寶 | 1509 | None | Cẩm Giang Vương (錦江王) |  |
BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN IS INCREDIBLY RARE. |
| Thái Bình Thánh Bảo | 太平聖寶 | 1509 | None | Cẩm Giang Vương (錦江王) |  |
BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN IS INCREDIBLY RARE. |
| Hồng Thuận Thông Bảo | 洪順通寶 | 1510–1516 | Later Lê (後黎) | Lê Tương Dực (黎襄翼) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Trần Tuân Công Bảo | 陳新公寶 | 1511–1512 | None | Trần Tuân (陳珣) |  |
BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN IS INCREDIBLY RARE. |
| Quang Thiệu Thông Bảo | 光紹通寶 | 1516–1522 | Later Lê (後黎) | Lê Chiêu Tông (黎昭宗) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Trần Công Tân Bảo | 陳公新寶 | 1516–1521 | None | Trần Cao (陳暠) | None | BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN IS INCREDIBLY RARE. |
| Thiên Ứng Thông Bảo | 天應通寶 | 1516–1521 | None | Trần Cao (陳暠) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Phật Pháp Tăng Bảo | 佛法僧寶 | 1516–1521 | None | Trần Cao (陳暠) | None | BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN IS INCREDIBLY RARE. |
| Tuyên Hựu Hòa Bảo | 宣祐和寶 | 1516–1521 | None | Trần Cao (陳暠) | None | BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN IS INCREDIBLY RARE. |
| Thống Nguyên Thông Bảo | 統元通寶 | 1522–1527 | Later Lê (後黎) | Lê Cung Hoàng (黎恭皇) |  |
BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN IS INCREDIBLY RARE. |
| Minh Đức Thông Bảo | 明德通寶 | 1527–1530 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Thái Tổ (莫太祖) |  |
BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN IS INCREDIBLY RARE. |
| Minh Đức Nguyên Bảo | 明德元寶 | 1527–1530 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Thái Tổ (莫太祖) |  |
BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN IS INCREDIBLY RARE. |
| Đại Chính Thông Bảo | 大正通寶 | 1530–1540 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Thái Tông (莫太宗) |  |
|
| Quang Thiệu Thông Bảo | 光紹通寶 | 1531–1532 | None | Quang Thiệu Emperor (光紹帝) |  |
|
| Nguyên Hòa Thông Bảo | 元和通寶 | 1533–1548 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Trang Tông (黎莊宗) |  |
|
| Quảng Hòa Thông Bảo | 廣和通寶 | 1541–1546 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Hiến Tông (莫憲宗) |  |
_-_Scott_Semans.jpg)
|
| Vĩnh Định Thông Bảo | 永定通寶 | 1547 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Tuyên Tông (莫宣宗) |  |
|
| Vĩnh Định Chí Bảo | 永定之寶 | 1547 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Tuyên Tông (莫宣宗) |  |
|
| Quang Bảo Thông Bảo | 光寶通寶 | 1554–1561 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Tuyên Tông (莫宣宗) | None | |
| Thái Bình Thông Bảo (中) | 太平通寶 | 1558–1613 | Nguyễn lords (阮主) | Nguyễn Hoàng (阮潢) | None | _-_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_lords_issue_-_Scott_Semans_03.jpg)
|
| Thái Bình Phong Bảo | 太平豐寶 | 1558–1613 | Nguyễn lords (阮主) | Nguyễn Hoàng (阮潢) | None | |
| Bình An Thông Bảo | 平安通寶 | 1572–1623 | Trịnh lords (鄭主) | Trịnh Tùng (鄭松) | None | |
| Gia Thái Thông Bảo (中)[3] | 嘉泰通寶 | 1573–1599 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Thế Tông (黎世宗) | None | |
| Càn Thống Nguyên Bảo | 乾統元寶 | 1593–1625 | Mạc (莫)[r] | Mạc Kính Cung (莫敬恭) | None | |
| An Pháp Nguyên Bảo | 安法元寶 | 1593–1625 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Kính Cung (莫敬恭) | None | .png)
|
| Thái Bình Thông Bảo (中) | 太平通寶 | 1593–1625 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Kính Cung (莫敬恭) | None | .jpg){kind=small}
|
| Thái Bình Thánh Bảo | 太平聖寶 | 1593–1625 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Kính Cung (莫敬恭) | None | .jpg){kind=small}
|
| Thái Bình Pháp Bảo | 太平法寶 | 1593–1625 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Kính Cung (莫敬恭)[4][5] | None | |
| Khai Kiến Thông Bảo | 開建通寶 | 1593–1625 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Kính Cung (莫敬恭) |  |
|
| Sùng Minh Thông Bảo | 崇明通寶 | 1593–1625 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Kính Cung (莫敬恭) |  |
|
| Chính Nguyên Thông Bảo | 正元通寶 | 1593–1625 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Kính Cung (莫敬恭) | None | 
|
| Vĩnh Thọ Thông Bảo | 永壽通寶 | 1658–1661 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Thần Tông (黎神宗) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Tường Phù Nguyên Bảo[s] (中) | 祥符元寶 | 1659–1685 | Đức Xuyên (徳川) | Đức Xuyên Gia Cương (徳川 家綱) | None | 
|
| Template:Orange (中) | 治平通寶 | 1659–1685 | Đức Xuyên (徳川) | Đức Xuyên Gia Cương (徳川 家綱) | None | None |
| Trị Bình Nguyên Bảo (中)[8] | 治平元寶 | 1659–1685 | Đức Xuyên (徳川) | Đức Xuyên Gia Cương (徳川 家綱) | None | |
| Nguyên Phong Thông Bảo (中) | 元豊通寳 | 1659–1685 | Đức Xuyên (徳川) | Đức Xuyên Gia Cương (徳川 家綱) | None | 
|
| Hi Ninh Nguyên Bảo (中) | 熈寧元寳 | 1659–1685 | Đức Xuyên (徳川) | Đức Xuyên Gia Cương (徳川 家綱) | None | 
|
| Thiệu Thánh Nguyên Bảo (中) | 紹聖元寳 | 1659–1685 | Đức Xuyên (徳川) | Đức Xuyên Gia Cương (徳川 家綱) | None | 
|
| Gia Hựu Thông Bảo (中) | 嘉祐通寳 | 1659–1685 | Đức Xuyên (徳川) | Đức Xuyên Gia Cương (徳川 家綱) | None | 
|
| Vĩnh Trị Thông Bảo | 永治通寶 | 1678–1680 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hi Tông (黎熙宗) |  |
|
| Vĩnh Trị Nguyên Bảo | 永治元寶 | 1678–1680 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hi Tông (黎熙宗) | None | |
| Vĩnh Trị Chí Bảo | 永治至寶 | 1678–1680 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hi Tông (黎熙宗) | None | |
| Chính Hòa Thông Bảo | 正和通寶 | 1680–1705 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hi Tông (黎熙宗) |  |
|
| Chính Hòa Nguyên Bảo | 正和元寶 | 1680–1705 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hi Tông (黎熙宗) | None | |
| Vĩnh Thịnh Thông Bảo | 永聖通寶 | 1706–1719 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Dụ Tông (黎裕宗) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Bảo Thái Thông Bảo | 保泰通寶 | 1720–1729 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Dụ Tông (黎裕宗) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Thiên Minh Thông Bảo | 天明通寶 | 1738–1765 | Nguyễn lords (阮主) | Nguyễn Phúc Khoát (阮福濶) |  |
_-_Scott_Semans_02.jpg)
|
| Ninh Dân Thông Bảo[9][10][11][12] | 寧民通宝[t] | 1739–1741 | None | Nguyễn Tuyển (阮選), Nguyễn Cừ (阮蘧), and Nguyễn Diên (阮筵)[u] |
 |
|
| Cảnh Hưng Thông Bảo | 景興通寶 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Cảnh Hưng Thông Bảo[13] | 景興通宝 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Cảnh Hưng Trung Bảo | 景興中寶 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |  |
|
| Cảnh Hưng Trung Bảo[14] | 景興中宝 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |  |
|
| Cảnh Hưng Chí Bảo[15] | 景興至寶 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |  |
|
| Cảnh Hưng Vĩnh Bảo | 景興永寶 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |  |
|
| Cảnh Hưng Đại Bảo | 景興大寶 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Cảnh Hưng Thái Bảo | 景興太寶 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |  |
|
| Cảnh Hưng Cự Bảo[16] | 景興巨寶 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Cảnh Hưng Cự Bảo | 景興巨宝 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |  |
|
| Cảnh Hưng Trọng Bảo | 景興重寶 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |  |
|
| Cảnh Hưng Tuyền Bảo | 景興泉寶 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |  |
|
| Cảnh Hưng Thuận Bảo | 景興順寶 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Cảnh Hưng Nội Bảo | 景興內寶 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |  |
|
| Cảnh Hưng Nội Bảo | 景興內宝 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |  |
|
| Cảnh Hưng Dụng Bảo | 景興用寶 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |  |
|
| Cảnh Hưng Dụng Bảo[17] | 景興踊寶 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) | None | BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN IS INCREDIBLY RARE AND IS BASICALLY ONLY IN THE HANDS OF VLADIMIR BELYAEV. |
| Cảnh Hưng Lai Bảo | 景興來寶 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) | None | BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN IS INCREDIBLY RARE. |
| Cảnh Hưng Thận Bảo | 景興慎寶 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) | None | BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN IS INCREDIBLY RARE. |
| Cảnh Hưng Thọ Trường | 景興壽長 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) | None | BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN IS INCREDIBLY RARE. |
| Cảnh Hưng Chính Bảo[18] | 景興正寶 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |  |
|
| Cảnh Hưng Anh Bảo | 景興英寶 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) | None | BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN IS INCREDIBLY RARE. |
| Cảnh Hưng Tống Bảo | 景興宋寶 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |  |
|
| Cảnh Hưng Thông Dụng | 景興通用 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |  |
|
| Cảnh Hưng Lợi Bảo[19] | 景興利寶 | 1740–1786 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) | None | |
| Thái Đức Thông Bảo | 泰德通寶 | 1778–1788 | Tây Sơn (西山) | Thái Đức (泰德) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Nam Vương Thông Bảo | 南王通寶 | 1782–1786 | Trịnh lords (鄭主) | Trịnh Khải (鄭楷) | None | |
| Nam Vương Cự Bảo | 南王巨寶 | 1782–1786 | Trịnh lords (鄭主) | Trịnh Khải (鄭楷) | None | |
| Minh Đức Thông Bảo | 明德通寶 | 1787 | Tây Sơn (西山) | Thái Đức (泰德) | None | |
| Chiêu Thống Thông Bảo | 昭統通寶 | 1787–1789 | Revival Lê (黎中興) | Lê Mẫn Đế (黎愍帝) |  |
|
| Quang Trung Thông Bảo | 光中通寶 | 1788–1792 | Tây Sơn (西山) | Quang Trung (光中) |  |
|
| Quang Trung Thông Bảo BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT WHILE EDUARDO TODA GREW Y GÜELL HAS ILLUSTRATED IT, HE HAS NEVER SEEN ONE IN REAL LIFE (IRL), BUT HEARD OF COLLECTORS WHO CLAIMED TO HAVE SEEN ONE. | 光中通宝 | 1788–1792 | Tây Sơn (西山) | Quang Trung (光中) |  |
BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN IS INCREDIBLY RARE. |
| Quang Trung Đại Bảo | 光中大宝 | 1788–1792 | Tây Sơn (西山) | Quang Trung (光中) |  |
|
| Càn Long Thông Bảo An Nam[v] (中) |
乾隆通寶 安南 |
1788–1789 | Thanh (清) | Càn Long Emperor (乾隆帝) |  |
|
| Cảnh Thịnh Thông Bảo | 景盛通寶 | 1793–1801 | Tây Sơn (西山) | Cảnh Thịnh (景盛) |  |
|
| Cảnh Thịnh Đại Bảo | 景盛大寶 | 1793–1801 | Tây Sơn (西山) | Cảnh Thịnh (景盛) | None | .jpg){kind=small}
|
| Bảo Hưng Thông Bảo | 寶興通寶 | 1801–1802 | Tây Sơn (西山) | Cảnh Thịnh (景盛) |  |
_-_Scott_Semans_03.jpg)
|
| Gia Hưng Thông Bảo | 嘉興通寶 | 1802–1820 | Nguyễn (阮) | Gia Long (嘉隆) | None | BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THESE VIETNAMESE CASH COINS MIGHT HAVE BEEN PRODUCED BY REGENTS DURING THE TWO-STATES PERIOD. |
| Gia Long Thông Bảo | 嘉隆通寶 | 1802–1820 | Nguyễn (阮) | Gia Long (嘉隆) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Gia Long Cự Bảo | 嘉隆巨寶 | 1802–1820 | Nguyễn (阮) | Gia Long (嘉隆) | None | BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT WHILE SEEN IT IN MUSEUMS, HE NEVER SAW ONE IN ANY PRIVATE COLLECTIONS MAKING THEM ULTRARARE. |
| Minh Mạng Thông Bảo | 明命通寶 | 1820–1841 | Nguyễn (阮) | Minh Mạng (明命) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Trị Nguyên Thông Bảo | 治元通寶 | 1831–1834 | None | Lê Văn Khôi (黎文𠐤) |  |
_-_Scott_Semans_01.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Trị Bình Thông Bảo (中) | 治平通寶 | 1831–1834 | None | Lê Văn Khôi (黎文𠐤) |  |
|
| Nguyên Long Thông Bảo | 元隆通寶 | 1833–1835 | None | Nông Văn Vân (農文雲) |  |
|
| Thiệu Trị Thông Bảo | 紹治通寶 | 1841–1847 | Nguyễn (阮) | Thiệu Trị (紹治) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Tự Đức Thông Bảo | 嗣德通寶 | 1847–1883 | Nguyễn (阮) | Tự Đức (嗣德) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Tự Đức Bảo Sao | 嗣德寶鈔 | 1861–1883 | Nguyễn (阮) | Tự Đức (嗣德) |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Kiến Phúc Thông Bảo | 建福通寶 | 1883–1884 | Nguyễn (阮) | Kiến Phúc (建福) | None | |
| Hàm Nghi Thông Bảo | 咸宜通寶 | 1884–1885 | Nguyễn (阮) | Hàm Nghi (咸宜) | None | _-_L%E1%BB%A5c_V%C4%83n_(%E5%85%AD%E6%96%87)_04.png){kind=small}
|
| Đồng Khánh Thông Bảo | 同慶通寶 | 1885–1888 | Nguyễn (阮) | Đồng Khánh (同慶) | None | 
|
| Thành Thái Thông Bảo | 成泰通寶 | 1888–1907 | Nguyễn (阮) | Thành Thái (成泰) | None | .jpg){kind=small}
|
| Duy Tân Thông Bảo | 維新通寶 | 1907–1916 | Nguyễn (阮) | Duy Tân (維新) | None | .jpg){kind=small}
|
| Khải Định Thông Bảo BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT SOME PEOPLE DON'T COUNT THESE AND LATER VIETNAMESE CASH COINS AS “REAL CASH COINS” BECAUSE THEY WERE MACHINE-STRUCK, THESE PEOPLE ARE CALLED “CAST CASH COIN-PURITANS”. | 啓定通寶 | 1916–1925 | Nguyễn (阮) | Khải Định (啓定) | None | .jpg){kind=small}
|
| Bảo Đại Thông Bảo | 保大通寶 | 1926–1945[w] | Nguyễn (阮) | Bảo Đại (保大) | None | 
|
Unidentified Vietnamese coins from 1600 and later
At various times many rebel leaders proclaimed themselves as Lords (Template:Linktext), Kings (Template:Linktext), and Emperors (Template:Linktext), and had produced their own coinage with their reign names and titles on them, but as their rebellions would prove unsuccessful or brief their reigns and titles would go unrecorded in Vietnamese history, therefore coins produced by their rebellions cannot easily be classified. Coins were also often privately cast and these coins were sometimes of high quality or well-made imitations of imperial coinage, though often they would bear the same inscriptions as already circulating coinage, sometimes they would have "newly invented" inscriptions.[21] The Nguyễn lords that ruled over Southern Vietnam had also produced their own coinage at various times as they were the de facto kings of the South, but as their rule wasn't official, it is currently unknown what coins can be attributed to which Nguyễn lord. BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THIS IS STILL PARTIALLY TRUE, ESPECIALLY FOR THE LATER LÊ AREA. Though since Edouard Toda has made his list in 1882 several of the coins that he had described as "originating from the Quảng Nam province" have been ascribed to the Nguyễn lords that the numismatists of his time couldn't identify. During the rule of the Nguyễn lords many foundries for private mintage were also opened and many of these coins bear the same inscriptions as government cast coinage or even bear newly invented inscriptions making it hard to attribute these coins.[22] BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT ACTUALLY, A LOT OF THESE DAG VIETNAMESE CASH COINS ARE ACTUALLY IDENTIFIED TODAY.
The following list contains Vietnamese cash coins whose origins cannot be (currently) established:
| Inscription (chữ Quốc ngữ) |
Inscription (Hán tự) |
Notes | Toda image | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thiệu Thánh Nguyên Bảo | 紹聖元寶 |  |
||
| Minh Định Tống Bảo | 明定宋寶 | "Tống Bảo" (Template:Linktext) is written in Seal script. |  |
|
| Cảnh Nguyên Thông Bảo | 景元通寶 | Appears in both Regular script, and Seal script. |  |
.jpg){kind=small}
|
| Thánh Tống Nguyên Bảo | 聖宋元寶 |  |
| |
| Càn Nguyên Thông Bảo | 乾元通寶 | Produced in the upper parts of Northern Vietnam. |  |
BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN WAS LIKELY PRIVATELY MINTED. |
| Phúc Bình Nguyên Bảo | 福平元寶 | Written in Seal script. |  |
|
| Thiệt Quý Thông Bảo | 邵癸通寶 | Written in both Running hand and Seal script. |  |
|
| Dương Nguyên Thông Bảo | 洋元通寶 | Appear in multiple sizes. |  |
|
| Thiệu Phù Nguyên Bảo | 紹符元寶 | Written in Seal script. |  |
|
| Nguyên Phù Thông Bảo | 元符通寶 | Written in Seal script. |  |
|
| Đại Cung Thánh Bảo | 大工聖寶 |  |
||
| Đại Hòa Thông Bảo | 大和通寶 | The reverse is rimless. |  |
|
| Cảnh Thì Thông Bảo | 景底通寶 | The "Template:Linktext" closely resembles a "Template:Linktext" |  |
|
| Thiên Nguyên Thông Bảo | 天元通寶 | A variant exists where the "Template:Linktext" is written in Seal script. |  |
BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THIS “VIETNAMESE” CASH COIN MIGHT BE CHINESE, JAVANESE, AND/OR MALAYAN. |
| Nguyên Trị Thông Bảo | 元治通寶 | The characters "Template:Linktext" and "Template:Linktext" are written in Seal script. |  |
|
| Hoàng Hi Tống Bảo | 皇熙宋寶 |  |
||
| Khai Thánh Nguyên Bảo | 開聖元寶 |  |
||
| Thiệu Thánh Thông Bảo | 紹聖通寶 |  |
||
| Thiệu Thánh Bình Bảo | 紹聖平寶 | the reverse is rimless. |  |
|
| Thiệu Tống Nguyên Bảo | 紹宋元寶 |  |
||
| Tường Tống Thông Bảo | 祥宋通寶 |  |
||
| Tường Thánh Thông Bảo | 祥聖通寶 |  |
||
| Hi Tống Nguyên Bảo | 熙宋元寶 |  |
||
| Ứng Cảm Nguyên Bảo | 應感元寶 |  |
BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THERE MIGHT BE A “THÔNG” VARIANT OF THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN. | |
| Thống Phù Nguyên Bảo | 統符元寶 |  |
BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THERE MIGHT BE A “THÔNG” VARIANT OF THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN. | |
| Hi Thiệu Nguyên Bảo | 熙紹元寶 |  |
||
| Chính Nguyên Thông Bảo | 正元通寶 | Variants exist with rimmed and rimless reverses, as well as one where there's a dot or a crescent on the reverse. |  |
|
| Thiên Đức Nguyên Bảo | 天德元寶 |  |
||
| Hoàng Ân Thông Bảo | 皇恩通寶 |  |
||
| Thái Thánh Thông Bảo | 太聖通寶 |  |
||
| Đại Thánh Thông Bảo | 大聖通寶 |  |
||
| Chánh Hòa Thông Bảo | 政和通寶 | A variant exists where there's a crescent a dot on the reverse, and another one with only the crescent. |  |
|
| Thánh Cung Tứ Bảo[x] | 聖宮慈寶 | None | ||
| Thánh Trần Thông Bảo | 聖陳通寶 | None | ||
| Đại Định Thông Bảo | 大定通寶 | None | 
| |
| Chính Long Nguyên Bảo | 正隆元寶 | None | ||
| Hi Nguyên Thông Bảo | 熙元通寶 | None | ||
| Cảnh Nguyên Thông Bảo | 景元通寶 | None | 
| |
| Tống Nguyên Thông Bảo | 宋元通寶 | None | 
| |
| Thiên Thánh Nguyên Bảo | 天聖元寶 | None | .jpg){kind=small}
| |
| Thánh Nguyên Thông Bảo | 聖元通寶 | None | 
| |
| Chính Pháp Thông Bảo | 正法通寶 | None | ||
| Tây Dương Phù Bảo | 西洋符寶 | None | BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THERE MIGHT BE A “THÔNG” VARIANT OF THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN. | |
| Tây Dương Bình Bảo | 西洋平寶 | None | BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THERE MIGHT BE A “THÔNG” VARIANT OF THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN. | |
| An Pháp Nguyên Bảo. BRUCE GRIFFITH STATED THAT THERE MIGHT BE A “THÔNG” VARIANT OF THIS VIETNAMESE CASH COIN. | 安法元寶 | Most often attributed to Lê Lợi (黎利).[23][24] | |
|
| Bình Nam Thông Bảo | 平南通寶 | Often attributed to the Nguyễn lords (阮主). | None |
And the Dutch-language list currently looks like this (Mobile 📱):
- == Lijst van Vietnamese văn-munten ==
De Vietnamese văn werd bijna een millennium lang geproduceerd en de koperen văn-munten hadden daardoor een grote variatie in kwaliteit, legeringen, grotes en vakmanschap, over het algemeen droegen de meeste munten de naam van het regeer tijdperk van de monarch oftewel de Niên hiệu (年號), maar munten werden vaak ook geslagen met verscheidene karakters zoals munttekens, denominaties, decoratieve en diverse andere karakters.
In tegenstelling tot de Chinese, Koreaanse, Japanse en Riukiuaanse kèpèng-munten die altijd inscripties in één lettertype hadden werden de inscripties op de Vietnamese văn in een idiosyncratische wijze geschreven waarbij soms gewoon schrift, zegelschrift en semi-cursiefschrift op dezelfde munten gezien kan worden. Het was niet ongebruikelijk voor een munt dat de karakters erop bijna volledig in één lettertype worden geschreven maar dat een enkele karakter in een ander lettertype is. Vroege Vietnamese munten hanteerden de kalligrafische stijl van de Chinese Khai Nguyên Thông Bảo (開元通寶) munt, vooral de munten geproduceerd vanaf de Đinh- tot en met de Trần-dynastieën.[25]
De volgende munten waren geproduceerd om in Vietnam te circuleren:
| Inscriptie (chữ Quốc ngữ) |
Inscriptie (Hán tự) |
Jaren van productie | Dynastie | Monarch(en) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thái Bình Hưng Bảo | 太平興寶 | 968–981 | Đinh (丁) | Ðinh Tiên Hoàng (丁先皇) Đinh Phế Đế (丁廢帝) |
| Thiên Phúc Trấn Bảo | 天福鎮寶 | 986 | Vroegere Lê (前黎) | Lê Hoàn (黎桓) |
| Lê | 黎 | 986 | Vroegere Lê (前黎) | Lê Hoàn (黎桓) |
| Thuận Thiên Đại Bảo | 順天大寶 | 1010–1028 | Lý (李) | Lý Thái Tổ (李太祖) |
| Càn Phù Nguyên Bảo | 乾符元寶 | 1039–1041 | Lý (李) | Lý Thái Tông (李太宗) |
| Minh Đạo Thông Bảo | 明道通寶 | 1042–1043 | Lý (李) | Lý Thái Tông (李太宗) |
| Thiên Phù Nguyên Bảo | 天符元寶 | 1120–1127 | Lý (李) | Lý Nhân Tông (李仁宗) |
| Đại Định Thông Bảo | 大定通寶 | 1140–1162 | Lý (李) | Lý Anh Tông (李英宗) |
| Thiên Cảm Thông Bảo | 天感通寶 | 1174–1175 | Lý (李) | Lý Anh Tông (李英宗) |
| Thiên Tư Thông Bảo | 天資通寶 | 1202–1204 | Lý (李) | Lý Cao Tông (李高宗) |
| Trị Bình Thông Bảo | 治平通寶 | 1205–1210 | Lý (李) | Lý Cao Tông (李高宗) |
| Trị Bình Nguyên Bảo | 治平元寶 | 1205–1210 | Lý (李) | Lý Cao Tông (李高宗) |
| Kiến Trung Thông Bảo | 建中通寶 | 1225–1237 | Trần (陳) | Trần Thái Tông (陳太宗) |
| Trần Nguyên Thông Bảo | 陳元通寶 | 1225–1237 | Trần (陳) | Trần Thái Tông (陳太宗) |
| Chính Bình Thông Bảo | 正平通寶 | 1238–1350 | Trần (陳) | Trần Thái Tông (陳太宗) |
| Nguyên Phong Thông Bảo | 元豐通寶 | 1251–1258 | Trần (陳) | Trần Thái Tông (陳太宗) |
| Thiệu Long Thông Bảo | 紹通隆寶 | 1258–1272 | Trần (陳) | Trần Thánh Tông (陳聖宗) |
| Hoàng Trần Thông Bảo | 皇陳通寶 | 1258–1278 | Trần (陳) | Trần Thánh Tông (陳聖宗) |
| Hoàng Trần Nguyên Bảo | 皇陳元寶 | 1258–1278 | Trần (陳) | Trần Thánh Tông (陳聖宗) |
| Khai Thái Nguyên Bảo | 開太元寶 | 1324–1329 | Trần (陳) | Trần Minh Tông (陳明宗) |
| Thiệu Phong Bình Bảo | 紹豐平寶 | 1341–1357 | Trần (陳) | Trần Dụ Tông (陳裕宗) |
| Thiệu Phong Nguyên Bảo | 紹豐元寶 | 1341–1357 | Trần (陳) | Trần Dụ Tông (陳裕宗) |
| Đại Trị Thông Bảo | 大治通寶 | 1358–1369 | Trần (陳) | Trần Dụ Tông (陳裕宗) |
| Đại Trị Nguyên Bảo | 大治元寶 | 1358–1369 | Trần (陳) | Trần Dụ Tông (陳裕宗) |
| Cảm Thiệu Nguyên Bảo | 感紹元寶 | 1368–1370 | Trần (陳) | Hôn Đức Công (昏德公) |
| Cảm Thiệu Nguyên Bảo | 感紹元宝 | 1368–1370 | Trần (陳) | Hôn Đức Công (昏德公) |
| Đại Định Thông Bảo | 大定通寶 | 1368–1370 | Trần (陳) | Hôn Đức Công (昏德公) |
| Thiệu Khánh Thông Bảo | 紹慶通寶 | 1370–1372 | Trần (陳) | Trần Nghệ Tông (陳藝宗) |
| Xương Phù Thông Bảo | 昌符通寶 | 1377–1388 | Trần (陳) | Trần Phế Đế (陳廢帝) |
| Hi Nguyên Thông Bảo | 熙元通寶 | 1381–1382 | Geen | Nguyễn Hi Nguyên (阮熙元) |
| Thiên Thánh Nguyên Bảo | 天聖元寶 | 1391–1392 | Geen | Sử Thiên Thánh (使天聖) |
| Thánh Nguyên Thông Bảo | 聖元通寶 | 1400 | Hồ (胡) | Hồ Quý Ly (胡季犛) |
| Thiệu Nguyên Thông Bảo | 紹元通寶 | 1401–1402 | Hồ (胡) | Hồ Hán Thương (胡漢蒼) |
| Hán Nguyên Thông Bảo | 漢元通寶 | 1401–1407 | Hồ (胡) | Hồ Hán Thương (胡漢蒼) |
| Hán Nguyên Thánh Bảo | 漢元聖寶 | 1401–1407 | Hồ (胡) | Hồ Hán Thương (胡漢蒼) |
| Thiên Bình Thông Bảo | 天平通寶 | 1405–1406 | Geen | Thiên Bình (天平) |
| Vĩnh Ninh Thông Bảo | 永寧通寶 | 1420 | Geen | Lộc Bình Vương (羅平王) |
| Giao Chỉ Thông Bảo | 交趾通寶 | 1419 | Minh (明) | Vĩnh Lạc (永樂帝) |
| Vĩnh Thiên Thông Bảo | 永天通寶 | 1420 | Geen | Lê Ngạ (黎餓) |
| Thiên Khánh Thông Bảo | 天慶通寶 | 1426–1428 | Latere Trần (後陳) | Thiên Khánh Đế (天慶帝) |
| An Pháp Nguyên Bảo | 安法元寶 | Lam Sơn opstand | Latere Lê (後黎) | Lê Lợi (黎利) |
| Chánh Pháp Nguyên Bảo | 正法元寶 | Lam Sơn opstand | Latere Lê (後黎) | Lê Lợi (黎利) |
| Trị Thánh Nguyên Bảo | 治聖元寶 | Lam Sơn opstand | Latere Lê (後黎) | Lê Lợi (黎利) |
| Trị Thánh Bình Bảo | 治聖平寶 | Lam Sơn opstand | Latere Lê (後黎) | Lê Lợi (黎利) |
| Thái Pháp Bình Bảo | 太法平寶 | Lam Sơn opstand | Latere Lê (後黎) | Lê Lợi (黎利) |
| Thánh Quan Thông Bảo | 聖宮通寶 | Lam Sơn opstand | Latere Lê (後黎) | Lê Lợi (黎利) |
| Thuận Thiên Thông Bảo | 順天通寶 | 1428–1433 | Latere Lê (後黎) | Lê Thái Tổ (黎太祖) |
| Thuận Thiên Nguyên Bảo | 順天元寶 | 1428–1433 | Latere Lê (後黎) | Lê Thái Tổ (黎太祖) |
| Thiệu Bình Thông Bảo | 紹平通寶 | 1434–1440 | Latere Lê (後黎) | Lê Thái Tông (黎太宗) |
| Đại Bảo Thông Bảo | 大寶通寶 | 1440–1442 | Latere Lê (後黎) | Lê Thái Tông (黎太宗) |
| Thái Hòa Thông Bảo | 太和通寶 | 1443–1453 | Latere Lê (後黎) | Lê Nhân Tông (黎仁宗) |
| Diên Ninh Thông Bảo | 延寧通寶 | 1454–1459 | Latere Lê (後黎) | Lê Nhân Tông (黎仁宗) |
| Thiên Hưng Thông Bảo | 天興通寶 | 1459–1460 | Latere Lê (後黎) | Lê Nghi Dân (黎宜民) |
| Quang Thuận Thông Bảo | 光順通寶 | 1460–1469 | Latere Lê (後黎) | Lê Thánh Tông (黎聖宗) |
| Hồng Đức Thông Bảo | 洪德通寶 | 1470–1497 | Latere Lê (後黎) | Lê Thánh Tông (黎聖宗) |
| Cảnh Thống Thông Bảo | 景統通寶 | 1497–1504 | Latere Lê (後黎) | Lê Hiến Tông (黎憲宗) |
| Đoan Khánh Thông Bảo | 端慶通寶 | 1505–1509 | Latere Lê (後黎) | Lê Uy Mục (黎威穆) |
| Giao Trị Thông Bảo | 交治通寶 | 1509 | Geen | Cẩm Giang Vương (錦江王) |
| Thái Bình Thông Bảo | 太平通寶 | 1509 | Geen | Cẩm Giang Vương (錦江王) |
| Thái Bình Hưng Bảo | 太平興寶 | 1509 | Geen | Cẩm Giang Vương (錦江王) |
| Hồng Thuận Thông Bảo | 洪順通寶 | 1510–1516 | Latere Lê (後黎) | Lê Tương Dực (黎襄翼) |
| Trần Tuân Công Bảo | 陳新公寶 | 1511–1512 | Geen | Trần Tuân (陳珣) |
| Quang Thiệu Thông Bảo | 光紹通寶 | 1516–1522 | Latere Lê (後黎) | Lê Chiêu Tông (黎昭宗) |
| Trần Công Tân Bảo | 陳公新寶 | 1516–1521 (Trần Cao opstand) |
Geen | Trần Cao (陳暠) |
| Thiên Ứng Thông Bảo | 天應通寶 | 1516–1521 | Geen | Trần Cao (陳暠) |
| Phật Pháp Tăng Bảo | 佛法僧寶 | 1516–1521 | Geen | Trần Cao (陳暠) |
| Tuyên Hựu Hòa Bảo | 宣祐和寶 | 1516–1521 | Geen | Trần Cao (陳暠) |
| Thống Nguyên Thông Bảo | 統元通寶 | 1522–1527 | Latere Lê (後黎) | Lê Cung Hoàng (黎恭皇) |
| Minh Đức Thông Bảo | 明德通寶 | 1527–1530 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Thái Tổ (莫太祖) |
| Minh Đức Nguyên Bảo | 明德元寶 | 1527–1530 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Thái Tổ (莫太祖) |
| Đại Chính Thông Bảo | 大正通寶 | 1530–1540 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Thái Tông (莫太宗) |
| Quang Thiệu Thông Bảo | 光紹通寶 | 1531–1532 | Geen | Keizer Quang Thiệu (光紹帝) |
| Nguyên Hòa Thông Bảo | 元和通寶 | 1533–1548 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Trang Tông (黎莊宗) |
| Quảng Hòa Thông Bảo | 廣和通寶 | 1541–1546 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Hiến Tông (莫憲宗) |
| Vĩnh Định Thông Bảo | 永定通寶 | 1547 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Tuyên Tông (莫宣宗) |
| Vĩnh Định Chí Bảo | 永定之寶 | 1547 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Tuyên Tông (莫宣宗) |
| Quang Bảo Thông Bảo | 光寶通寶 | 1554–1561 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Tuyên Tông (莫宣宗) |
| Thái Bình Thông Bảo | 太平通寶 | 1558–1613 | Nguyễn-heren (阮主) | Nguyễn Hoàng (阮潢) |
| Thái Bình Phong Bảo | 太平豐寶 | 1558–1613 | Nguyễn-heren (阮主) | Nguyễn Hoàng (阮潢) |
| Gia Thái Thông Bảo[26] | 嘉泰通寶 | 1573–1599 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Thế Tông (黎世宗) |
| Càn Thống Nguyên Bảo | 乾統元寶 | 1593–1625 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Kính Cung (莫敬恭) |
| An Pháp Nguyên Bảo | 安法元寶 | 1593–1625 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Kính Cung (莫敬恭) |
| Thái Bình Thông Bảo | 太平通寶 | 1593–1625 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Kính Cung (莫敬恭) |
| Thái Bình Thánh Bảo | 太平聖寶 | 1593–1625 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Kính Cung (莫敬恭) |
| Thái Bình Pháp Bảo | 太平法寶 | 1593–1625 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Kính Cung (莫敬恭)[27][28] |
| Khai Kiến Thông Bảo | 開建通寶 | 1593–1625 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Kính Cung (莫敬恭) |
| Sùng Minh Thông Bảo | 崇明通寶 | 1593–1625 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Kính Cung (莫敬恭) |
| Chính Nguyên Thông Bảo | 正元通寶 | 1593–1625 | Mạc (莫) | Mạc Kính Cung (莫敬恭) |
| Vĩnh Thọ Thông Bảo | 永壽通寶 | 1658–1661 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Thần Tông (黎神宗) |
| Tường Phù Nguyên Bảo[29][30] | 祥符元寶 | 1659–1685 | Đức Xuyên (徳川) | Đức Xuyên Gia Cương (徳川 家綱) |
| Trị Bình Thông Bảo | 治平通寶 | 1659–1685 | Đức Xuyên (徳川) | Đức Xuyên Gia Cương (徳川 家綱) |
| Trị Bình Nguyên Bảo | 治平元寶 | 1659–1685 | Đức Xuyên (徳川) | Đức Xuyên Gia Cương (徳川 家綱) |
| Nguyên Phong Thông Bảo | 元豊通寳 | 1659–1685 | Đức Xuyên (徳川) | Đức Xuyên Gia Cương (徳川 家綱) |
| Hi Ninh Nguyên Bảo | 熈寧元寳 | 1659–1685 | Đức Xuyên (徳川) | Đức Xuyên Gia Cương (徳川 家綱) |
| Thiệu Thánh Nguyên Bảo | 紹聖元寳 | 1659–1685 | Đức Xuyên (徳川) | Đức Xuyên Gia Cương (徳川 家綱) |
| Gia Hựu Thông Bảo | 嘉祐通寳 | 1659–1685 | Đức Xuyên (徳川) | Đức Xuyên Gia Cương (徳川 家綱) |
| Vĩnh Trị Thông Bảo | 永治通寶 | 1678–1680 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hi Tông (黎熙宗) |
| Vĩnh Trị Nguyên Bảo | 永治元寶 | 1678–1680 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hi Tông (黎熙宗) |
| Vĩnh Trị Chí Bảo | 永治至寶 | 1678–1680 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hi Tông (黎熙宗) |
| Chính Hòa Thông Bảo | 正和通寶 | 1680–1705 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hi Tông (黎熙宗) |
| Chính Hòa Nguyên Bảo | 正和元寶 | 1680–1705 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hi Tông (黎熙宗) |
| Vĩnh Thịnh Thông Bảo | 永聖通寶 | 1706–1719 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Dụ Tông (黎裕宗) |
| Bảo Thái Thông Bảo | 保泰通寶 | 1720–1729 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Dụ Tông (黎裕宗) |
| Thiên Minh Thông Bảo | 天明通寶 | 1738–1765 | Nguyễn-heren (阮主) | Nguyễn Phúc Khoát (阮福濶) |
| Cảnh Hưng Thông Bảo | 景興通寶 | 1740–1786 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |
| Cảnh Hưng Thông Bảo | 景興通宝 | 1740–1786 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |
| Cảnh Hưng Trung Bảo | 景興中寶 | 1740–1786 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |
| Cảnh Hưng Trung Bảo | 景興中宝 | 1740–1786 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |
| Cảnh Hưng Chí Bảo | 景興至寶 | 1740–1786 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |
| Cảnh Hưng Vĩnh Bảo | 景興永寶 | 1740–1786 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |
| Cảnh Hưng Đại Bảo | 景興大寶 | 1740–1786 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |
| Cảnh Hưng Thái Bảo | 景興太寶 | 1740–1786 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |
| Cảnh Hưng Cự Bảo | 景興巨寶 | 1740–1786 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |
| Cảnh Hưng Cự Bảo | 景興巨宝 | 1740–1786 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |
| Cảnh Hưng Trọng Bảo | 景興重寶 | 1740–1786 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |
| Cảnh Hưng Tuyền Bảo | 景興泉寶 | 1740–1786 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |
| Cảnh Hưng Thuận Bảo | 景興順寶 | 1740–1786 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |
| Cảnh Hưng Nội Bảo | 景興內寶 | 1740–1786 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |
| Cảnh Hưng Nội Bảo | 景興內宝 | 1740–1786 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |
| Cảnh Hưng Dụng Bảo | 景興用寶 | 1740–1786 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |
| Cảnh Hưng Lai Bảo | 景興來寶 | 1740–1786 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |
| Cảnh Hưng Thận Bảo | 景興慎寶 | 1740–1786 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |
| Cảnh Hưng Thọ Trường | 景興壽長 | 1740–1786 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |
| Cảnh Hưng Chính Bảo | 景興正寶 | 1740-1786 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |
| Cảnh Hưng Anh Bảo | 景興英寶 | 1740-1786 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |
| Cảnh Hưng Tống Bảo | 景興宋寶 | 1740-1786 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |
| Cảnh Hưng Bảo Dụng | 景興寶用 | 1740-1786 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Hiển Tông (黎顯宗) |
| Thái Đức Thông Bảo | 泰德通寶 | 1778-1788 | Tây Sơn (西山) | Thái Đức (泰德) |
| Nam Vương Thông Bảo | 南王通寶 | 1782-1786 | Trịnh-heren (鄭主) | Trịnh Khải (鄭楷) |
| Nam Vương Cự Bảo | 南王巨寶 | 1782-1786 | Trịnh-heren (鄭主) | Trịnh Khải (鄭楷) |
| Minh Đức Thông Bảo | 明德通寶 | 1787 | Tây Sơn (西山) | Thái Đức (泰德) |
| Chiêu Thống Thông Bảo | 昭統通寶 | 1787–1789 | Gerestaureerde Lê (黎中興) | Lê Mẫn Đế (黎愍帝) |
| Quang Trung Thông Bảo | 光中通寶 | 1788–1792 | Tây Sơn (西山) | Quang Trung (光中) |
| Quang Trung Đại Bảo | 光中大宝 | 1788–1792 | Tây Sơn (西山) | Quang Trung (光中) |
| Càn Long Thông Bảo An Nam |
乾隆通寶 安南 |
1788–1789 | Thanh (清) | Càn Long (乾隆帝) |
| Cảnh Thịnh Thông Bảo | 景盛通寶 | 1793–1801 | Tây Sơn (西山) | Cảnh Thịnh (景盛) |
| Cảnh Thịnh Đại Bảo | 景盛大寶 | 1793–1801 | Tây Sơn (西山) | Cảnh Thịnh (景盛) |
| Bảo Hưng Thông Bảo | 寶興通寶 | 1801–1802 | Tây Sơn (西山) | Cảnh Thịnh (景盛) |
| Gia Long Thông Bảo | 嘉隆通寶 | 1802–1820 | Nguyễn (阮) | Gia Long (嘉隆) |
| Gia Long Cự Bảo | 嘉隆巨寶 | 1802–1820 | Nguyễn (阮) | Gia Long (嘉隆) |
| Gia Hưng Thông Bảo | 嘉興通寶 | 1802–1820 | Nguyễn (阮) | Gia Long (嘉隆) |
| Minh Mạng Thông Bảo | 明命通寶 | 1820–1841 | Nguyễn (阮) | Minh Mạng (明命) |
| Trị Nguyên Thông Bảo | 治元通寶 | 1831–1834 | Geen | Lê Văn Khôi (黎文𠐤) |
| Trị Bình Thông Bảo | 治平通寶 | 1831–1834 | Geen | Lê Văn Khôi (黎文𠐤) |
| Nguyên Long Thông Bảo | 元隆通寶 | 1833–1835 | Geen | Nông Văn Vân (農文雲) |
| Thiệu Trị Thông Bảo | 紹治通寶 | 1841–1847 | Nguyễn (阮) | Thiệu Trị (紹治) |
| Tự Đức Thông Bảo | 嗣德通寶 | 1847–1883 | Nguyễn (阮) | Tự Đức (嗣德) |
| Tự Đức Bảo Sao | 嗣德寶鈔 | 1847–1883 | Nguyễn (阮) | Tự Đức (嗣德) |
| Kiến Phúc thông bảo | 建福通寶 | 1883–1884 | Nguyễn (阮) | Kiến Phúc (建福) |
| Hàm Nghi thông bảo | 咸宜通寶 | 1884–1885 | Nguyễn (阮) | Hàm Nghi (咸宜) |
| Đồng Khánh Thông Bảo | 同慶通寶 | 1885–1888 | Nguyễn (阮) | Đồng Khánh (同慶) |
| Thành Thái Thông Bảo | 成泰通寶 | 1888–1907 | Nguyễn (阮) | Thành Thái (成泰) |
| Duy Tân Thông Bảo | 維新通寶 | 1907–1916 | Nguyễn (阮) | Duy Tân (維新) |
| Khải Định Thông Bảo | 啓定通寶 | 1916–1925 | Nguyễn (阮) | Khải Định (啓定) |
| Bảo Đại Thông Bảo | 保大通寶 | 1926–1945 | Nguyễn (阮) | Bảo Đại (保大) |
I should probably just e-mail 📧 you the improvements as this would take too long here. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 20:01, 15 July 2019 (UTC)
Niet-geïdentificeerde Vietnamese văn-munten (vanaf 1600)
Tijdens de geschiedenis van Vietnam hadden veel rebellen zichzelf tot heren (主), koningen (王) en keizers (帝) uitgeroepen en benoemden hun eigen regeer periodes (Niên hiệu/年號) en regeer titels, maar sinds hun opstanden vaak kort en onsuccesvol bleken te zijn werden hun regeer namen niet opgenomen in de Vietnamese geschiedenisboeken en is het daarom moeilijk om munten geproduceerd door deze opstandelingen te identificeren. Vaak werden ook munten door particuliere munthuizen gegoten die soms imitaties van hoge kwaliteit van keizerlijke văn-munten waren maar soms creëerden deze particulieren ook munten met nieuwe inscripties.[31] De Nguyễn-heren die over het zuidelijke gedeelte van Vietnam regeerden produceerden ook hun eigen munten sinds zij de de facto koningen van het zuiden waren, maar sinds hun heerschappij onofficieel was is het momenteel nog onbekend welke Nguyễn-heer welke munt produceerde. Sinds de lijst van niet-geïdentificeerde Vietnamese văn-munten door Eduardo Toda y Güell was opgesteld in 1882 zijn een aantal van de munten die hij beschreef als "munten geslagen in de provincie Quảng Nam" aan de specifieke Nguyễn-heer die numismaten uit die tijd nog niet konen identificeren. Onder de heerschappij van de Nguyễn-heren waren veel particuliere munthuizen in Zuid-Vietnam geopend die zowel munten met de inscripties van de heersers als hun eigen inscripties sloegen.[32]
De hierna volgende lijst is van de Vietnamese văn-munten wiens oorsprong momenteel onbekend is:
| Inscriptie (chữ Quốc ngữ) |
Inscriptie (Hán tự) |
Notities |
|---|---|---|
| Thiệu Thánh Nguyên Bảo | 紹聖元寶 | |
| Ninh Dân Thông Bảo | 寧民通宝 | De karakter "宝" is een vereenvoudigde versie van "寶" wat vaak wordt gebruikt in semi-cursiefschrift. |
| Minh Định Tống Bảo | 明定宋寶 | "Tống Bảo" (宋寶) is geschreven in zegelschrift. |
| Cảnh Nguyên Thông Bảo | 景元通寶 | Komt zowel voor in gewoon schrift en zegelschrift. |
| Thánh Tống Nguyên Bảo | 聖宋元寶 | |
| Càn Nguyên Thông Bảo | 乾元通寶 | Geproduceerd in de bovenste gedeelten van Noord-Vietnam. |
| Phúc Bình Nguyên Bảo | 福平元寶 | Geschreven in zegelschrift. |
| Thiệt Quý Thông Bảo | 邵癸通寶 | Geschreven in zowel cursief schrift als zegelschrift. |
| Dương Nguyén Thông Bảo | 洋元通寶 | Bestaat in verschillende groten. |
| Thiệu Phù Nguyên Bảo | 紹符元寶 | Geschreven in zegelschrift. |
| Nguyên Phù Thông Bảo | 元符通寶 | Geschreven in zegelschrift. |
| Đại Cung Thánh Bảo | 大工聖寶 | |
| Đại Hòa Thông Bảo | 大和通寶 | De achterkant heeft geen rand. |
| Cảnh Thì Thông Bảo | 景底通寶 | De karakter "底" lijkt op een "辰" |
| Thiên Nguyên Thông Bảo | 天元通寶 | Een variant van deze munt bestaat waar de karakter "元" is geschreven in zegelschrift. |
| Nguyên Trị Thông Bảo | 元治通寶 | De karakters "治" en "寶" zijn geschreven in zegelschrift. |
| Hoàng Hi Tống Bảo | 皇熙宋寶 | |
| Khai Thánh Nguyên Bảo | 開聖元寶 | |
| Thiệu Thánh Thông Bảo | 紹聖通寶 | |
| Thiệu Thánh Bình Bảo | 紹聖平寶 | Achterkant heeft geen rand. |
| Thiệu Tống Nguyên Bảo | 紹宋元寶 | |
| Tường Thánh Thông Bảo | 祥聖通寶 | |
| Hi Tống Nguyên Bảo | 熙宋元寶 | |
| Ứng Cảm Nguyên Bảo | 應感元寶 | |
| Thống Phù Nguyên Bảo | 統符元寶 | |
| Hi Thiệu Nguyên Bảo | 熙紹元寶 | |
| Chính Nguyên Thông Bảo | 正元通寶 | Varianten van deze munt bestaan met randen en geen randen aan de achterkant zowel als varianten met een stip of halve maan aan de achterkant. |
| Thiên Đức Nguyên Bảo | 天德元寶 | |
| Hoàng Ân Thông Bảo | 皇恩通寶 | |
| Thái Thánh Thông Bảo | 太聖通寶 | |
| Đại Thánh Thông Bảo | 大聖通寶 | |
| Chánh Hòa Thông Bảo | 政和通寶 | Een variant bestaat waar er een halve maan en een stip op de achterkant staan en er is nog een variant waar er alleen maar een halve maan op de achterkant staat. |
| Thánh Cung Tứ Bảo | 聖宮慈寶 | De munten vanaf dit punt in de lijst komen uit het boek van Dr. R. Allan Barker (2004) terwijl de munten hierboven uit het boek van Eduardo Toda y Güell (1882) komen. |
| Thánh Trần Thông Bảo | 聖陳通寶 | |
| Đại Định Thông Bảo | 大定通寶 | |
| Chính Long Nguyên Bảo | 正隆元寶 | |
| Hi Nguyên Thông Bảo | 熙元通寶 | |
| Cảnh Nguyên Thông Bảo | 景元通寶 | |
| Tống Nguyên Thông Bảo | 宋元通寶 | |
| Thiên Thánh Nguyên Bảo | 天聖元寶 | |
| Thánh Nguyên Thông Bảo | 聖元通寶 | |
| Chính Pháp Thông Bảo | 正法通寶 | |
| Tây Dương Phù Bảo | 西洋符寶 | |
| An Pháp Nguyên Bảo | 安法元寶 | Vaak wordt het beweert dat deze munt onder Lê Lợi (黎利) was geslagen.[33][34] |
| Bình Nam Thông Bảo | 平南通寶 | Vaak wordt deze munt toegewezen aan de Nguyễn-heren (阮主). |
I am actually not going to annote these, but as you can see this list needs quite some work done. Anyhow I could forward the e-mails to you (kind of, copy them as I no longer have any access ♿) for more details on Bruce Griffith’s criticism. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 19:58, 15 July 2019 (UTC)
- ↑ The colour turns purple if you have visited the page in the past.
- ↑ The reign title was "Thái Bình" (太平) but the actual inscription of the coinage reads "Đại Bình Hưng Bảo" (大平興寶).
- ↑ "Uncertain attribution".
- ↑ This cash coin is listed in Barker's Cash coins of Viet Nam but his example is a private issue of about 1580. No dynastic cash coin with this inscription is known to exist.
- ↑ This is a privately produced cash coin which was falsely attributed to the Lý dynasty by Eduardo Toda y Güell, many of them are actually from the 1500's -1800's
- ↑ This is a privately produced cash coin from the 1500's which has nothing to do with the Lý dynasty.
- ↑ This cash coin was privately produced and is considered to be falsely attributed to Nguyễn Hi Nguyên (阮熙元) by some scholars.
- ↑ These cash coins turned out to be a series of private coins similar to the official Hồ style. However no such reign title existed under the reign of the Hồ dynasty.
- ↑ These cash coins turned out to be privately produced issue from the early 1600's, they are reign title copies of Chinese cash coins but are listed in numismatic literature.
- ↑ This cash coin turned out to be a Ming trade cash coin which was cast around the year 1590 at Quanzhou, Fujian.
- ↑ during the Chinese (Minh dynasty) occupation these coins were issued as payments to Chinese soldiers, Giao Chỉ Thông Bảo coins are poorly made from lead and sand.
- ↑ Coins issued during the Lam Sơn uprising were cast as payment for the anti-Chinese rebels.
- ↑ This cash coin was attributed to Lê Lợi (黎利) by Eduardo Toda y Güell, but later turned out to be private issue from about 1600.
- ↑ This cash coin was attributed to Lê Lợi (黎利) by Eduardo Toda y Güell, but later turned out to be private issue produced between the years 1750 and 1850.
- ↑ This cash coin was attributed to Lê Lợi (黎利) by Eduardo Toda y Güell, but later turned out to be private issue produced after the year 1600.
- ↑ This cash coin turned out to be a rare private cash coin made during a brief Trần restoration in the early 1500's. Unlike what Toda claimed it is not made from tin and lead, but a hard white bronze composition.
- ↑ Despite bearing the reign title "Thái Hòa Thông Bảo" all coins actually bear the inscription "Đại Hòa Thông Bảo" (大和通寶).
- ↑ From this point onwards the monarchs of the Mạc dynasty were only in control of the Cao Bằng Province, which they had declared as an independent country for 75 years.
- ↑ The "Tường Phù Nguyên Bảo" (祥符元寶), "Trị Bình Thông Bảo" (治平通寶), and "Trị Bình Nguyên Bảo" (治平元寶) were Japanese trade coins minted in Nagasaki for trade with Vietnam and the Netherlands.[6] In Vietnam they were imported by the Nguyễn lords.[7]
- ↑ The character "Template:Linktext" is an abbreviated version of "Template:Linktext" commonly found in Semi-cursive script. Note from Eduardo Toda y Güell's Annam and its minor currency where the coin was described of being "of doubtful origin" but has been identified since.
- ↑ The leaders of the Ninh Xá rebellion Nguyễn Tuyển and Nguyễn Cừ were brothers while Nguyễn Diên was their nephew.
- ↑ Cast as payments for Chinese soldiers stationed in Vietnam during the Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa.
- ↑ The production of these coins probably lasted into 1941 or 1942 because the occupying Japanese forces wanted the copper and were acquiring all of the cash coins they could find and stockpiling them in Haiphong for shipment to Japan for the production of war materials.[20]
- ↑ The coins from this part of the list and below are from Dr. R. Allan Barker (2004) while the coins above are from Edouard Toda (1882).
- ↑ Asian Numismatic Museum (Sudoku One). Vietnamese Thien Tu and Kai Yuan Style. Thiên Tư Nguyên Bảo 天資元寶 Thư pháp, viết theo phong cách, Trung Quốc Ka Yuan. Retrieved: 19 July 2017.
- ↑ Scott Seman's World Coins – VIETNAM CASH 970 AD — 1945. Retrieved: 07 June 2018.
- ↑ Charms.ru Timeline and imperial coinage of Vietnam. Thuan D. Luc, and Vladimir A. Belyaev Published: 26 September 1998. Last updates: 29-April-2004. Retrieved: 24 June 2017.
- ↑ Nghệ Thuật Xưa Tiền tệ thời Nhà Mạc. (in Vietnamese) Published: 13 February 2016. Retrieved: 24 June 2017.
- ↑ Travel is easier with Linh Nhà Mạc (chữ Hán: 莫朝 – Mạc triều). Archived 2018-02-28 at the Wayback Machine (in Vietnamese) Xin visa du lịch – Đặt phòng & vé máy bay – Hỗ trợ 24/7 Retrieved: 24 June 2017.
- ↑ Nagasaki export coins. (in en). Luke Roberts at the Department of History – University of California at Santa Barbara (24 October 2003). Retrieved on 24 June 2017.
- ↑ Charms.ru Japan early trade coin and the commercial trade between Vietnam and Japan in the 17th century. Thuan Luc, May 1999. Retrieved: 24 June 2017.
- ↑ Chinese Coins (1268 coins from all Chinese dynasties.) – Korea, Japan, Vietnam by Lars Bo Christensen (Ancient Chinese Coins). Retrieved: 09 July 2018.
- ↑ Zeno.ru (The Zeno Oriental Coinage Database) Ninh Xá 寧舍 Rebellion 1739-1741 (Home » SOUTHEAST ASIA » Cash coins » Vietnam cash » Official and semi-official coins » Ninh Xá 寧舍 Rebellion 1739–1741). Retrieved: 22 April 2018.
- ↑ Miura Gosen (Miura Gosen 三浦吾泉, Annan senpu 安南錢譜, 3 vol. Tokyo 1965–1971, Terui, p. 93-3). (in Japanese)
- ↑ Nguyễn Phan Quang, « Khởi nghĩa Nguyễn Tuyển, Nguyễn Cừ », Nghiên Cứu Lịch Sử 1984-6 (219), pp. 56-67/82. (in Vietnamese)
- ↑ François Thierry, « Les monnaies Ninh Dân thông bảo », Bulletin de la Société Française de Numismatique, No 10, décembre 2010, pp. 285-288. Coin of the French National Library Collection (see François Thierry, Catalogue des monnaies vietnamiennes, Bibliothèque nationale, Paris 1988, n° 1136). (in French)
- ↑ Numista Canh Hung Thong Bao Country Vietnam – Empire (Lê dynasty – Vietnam). Quote: "The 25th King – LE HIEN TONG 1740–1786 ascended the throne, and during his reign a larger quantity of cash were cast than during that of any former king. This is one of them." Retrieved: 09 June 2018.
- ↑ Numista Canh Hung Trung Bao Country Vietnam – Empire (Lê dynasty – Vietnam). Quote: "The 25th King – LE HIEN TONG 1740–1786 ascended the throne, and during his reign a larger quantity of cash were cast than during that of any former king. This is one of them." Retrieved: 09 June 2018.
- ↑ Numista Canh Hung Tri Bao Country Vietnam – Empire (Lê dynasty – Vietnam). Quote: "The 25th King – LE HIEN TONG 1740–1786 ascended the throne, and during his reign a larger quantity of cash were cast than during that of any former king. This is one of them." Retrieved: 09 June 2018.
- ↑ Numista 1 Văn - Cảnh Hưng Cự Bảo Country Vietnam – Empire (Lê dynasty – Vietnam). Quote: "The 25th King – LE HIEN TONG 1740–1786 ascended the throne, and during his reign a larger quantity of cash were cast than during that of any former king. This is one of them." Retrieved: 09 June 2018.
- ↑ Charm.ru Vietnamese Coin Canh Hung Dung Bao by Vladimir Belyaev. Published: October 04, 1998. Retrieved: 29 March 2018.
- ↑ Numista Canh Hung Chinh Bao Country Vietnam – Empire (Lê dynasty – Vietnam). Quote: "The 25th King – LE HIEN TONG 1740–1786 ascended the throne, and during his reign a larger quantity of cash were cast than during that of any former king. This is one of them." Retrieved: 09 June 2018.
- ↑ N Ô M · S T U D I E S (A research project in the Vietnamese Nôm cultural heritage) Vietnamese Currency (Draft). Adapted from Niên biểu Việt Nam "Vietnamese Chronology" by Office of Preservation and Museology, Hanoi: Social Sciences Publishing House, 3rd edition. 1984. Pp. 133–50. Retrieved: 07 June 2018.
- ↑ French Southeast Asia Coins & Currency by Howard A. Daniel III (page 97).
- ↑ Vietnam (Annam) Privately Minted Coins. (in en). Luke Roberts at the Department of History – University of California at Santa Barbara (24 October 2003). Retrieved on 26 June 2017.
- ↑ Charms.ru Coincidences of Vietnam and China cash coins legends. Francis Ng, People's Republic of China, Thuan D. Luc, United States, and Vladimir A. Belyaev, Russia March–June, 1999 Retrieved: 17 June 2017.
- ↑ Charms.ru WHO CAST THE AN PHAP NGUYEN BAO COIN? [1 .] Luc Duc Thuan Retrieved: 24 June 2017.
- ↑ Lacroix Désiré. Numismatique Annamite – Publications de l'École Française d'Extrême-Orient, Saigon 1900
- ↑ English: (missing text)Asian Numismatic Museum (Sudoku One). Vietnamese Thien Tu and Kai Yuan Style. Thiên Tư Nguyên Bảo 天資元寶 Thư pháp, viết theo phong cách, Trung Quốc Kai Yuan. Geraadpleegd op: 19 Juli 2017.
- ↑ Charms.ru Timeline and imperial coinage of Vietnam. Thuan D. Luc, and Vladimir A. Belyaev Published: 26 September, 1998. Laatst geüpdatet: 29-April-2004. Geraadpleegd op: 24 Juni 2017.
- ↑ Tiếng Việt: (missing text)Nghệ Thuật Xưa Tiền tệ thời Nhà Mạc. Uitgegeven op: 13 Februari 2016. Geraadpleegd op: 24 Juni 2017.
- ↑ Tiếng Việt: (missing text)Travel is easier with Linh Nhà Mạc (chữ Hán: 莫朝 – Mạc triều). Xin visa du lịch – Đặt phòng & vé máy bay – Hỗ trợ 24/7 Geraadpleegd op: 24 Juni 2017.
- ↑ Template:Citeer web
- ↑ Charms.ru Japan early trade coin and the commercial trade between Vietnam and Japan in the 17th century. Thuan Luc, uitgegeven in Mei 1999. Geraadpleegd op: 24 Juni 2017.
- ↑ Template:Citeer web
- ↑ English: (missing text)Charms.ru (Chinese Coinage Website) Coincidences of Vietnam and China cash coins legends. Francis Ng, Volksrepubliek China, Thuan D. Luc, Verenigde Staten van Amerika, and Vladimir A. Belyaev, Rusland Maart-Juni, 1999 Geraadpleegd: 17 Juni 2017.
- ↑ English: (missing text)Charms.ru (Chinese Coinage Website) WHO CAST THE AN PHAP NGUYEN BAO COIN? [1
.] Luc Duc Thuan Geraadpleegd: 24 Juni 2017.
- ↑ Français : (missing text)Lacroix Désiré. Numismatique Annamite - Publications de l'École Francaise d'Extrême-Orient, Saigon 1900
Sent 📩 from my Microsoft Lumia 950 XL with Microsoft Windows 10 Mobile 📱. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 19:58, 15 July 2019 (UTC)
Sent 📩 from my Microsoft Lumia 950 XL with Microsoft Windows 10 Mobile 📱. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 19:58, 15 July 2019 (UTC)
Bruce Griffith also stated that one of his Vietnamese friends is also working on a research paper on very early Vietnamese cash coins, I know that it doesn't immediately disprove your catalogue 📇. But this does make it more obsolete. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 20:01, 15 July 2019 (UTC)
I just realised that this fills up this talk page 📃, I will forward the e-mails to you through the new address. I will archive this now as it causes my browser to load for too long. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 20:03, 15 July 2019 (UTC)