Dormant Tunupa Volcano (5,321m/17,457ft) sits on a peninsula in the northern end of the Uyuni Salt Flat (Salar de Uyuni) and is a key reference point for drivers transporting tourists around the salt flat. One legend holds that Tunupa is a female volcano whose child was stolen and her tears created the salt flat.

During the rainy season (December to March) the salt flat gets covered with a layer of water. As the water evaporates under largely still conditions, the salt forms hexagonal shapes (optimal for heat transfer) on its surface known as Bénard cells, an example of the Rayleigh–Bénard convection phenomena.

The Uyuni Salt Flat is the world’s largest salt flat covering 10,582 sq km/4,086 sq mi (100 times the size of the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah in the United States). Part of the Bolivian Altiplano (high plateau), the Uyuni Salt Flat sits at an elevation of 3,656m/11,995ft surrounded by the Andes mountains. It is the bed of a series of vast lakes that once covered the area starting around 40,000 years ago, the last of which was radiocarbon dated to 11,500 to 13,400 years ago. In November, three species of South American flamingos breed here. The crust, which varies in thickness from tens of centimeters to a few meters, is a source of salt. Underneath is a pool of brine rich in lithium which Bolivia is just starting to extract. (Bolivia is the holder of the world’s largest known lithium reserves.)

On Google Earth: