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A Woman with a Sword? – Weapon Grave at Suontaka Vesitorninmäki, Finland

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English: In 1968, a weapon grave with brooches was found at Suontaka Vesitorninmäki, Hattula, Finland. Since then, the grave has been interpreted as evidence of powerful women, even female warriors and leaders in early medieval Finland. Others have denied the possibility of a woman buried with a sword and tried to explain it as a double burial. We present the first modern analysis of the grave, including an examination of its context, a soil sample analysis for microremains, and an aDNA analysis. Based on these analyses, we suggest a new interpretation: the Suontaka grave possibly belonged to an individual with sex-chromosomal aneuploidy XXY. The overall context of the grave indicates that it was a respected person whose gender identity may well have been non-binary.
Français : Une sépulture contenant des fibules et des armes fut découverte en 1968 à Suontaka Vesitorninmäki, Hattula, en Finlande. Depuis, on l'a interprétée comme preuve qu'il existait des femmes au pouvoir, voire des femmes-guerrières, au début du Moyen Âge en Finlande. D'autres ont nié la possibilité d'une sépulture de femme accompagnée d'une épée et ont tenté d'attribuer la présence d'armes à une sépulture double. Les auteurs de cet article présentent la première étude moderne qui examinât le contexte de cette sépulture, les micro-restes conservés dans le sol et l'ADN ancien (aDNA) du squelette. Ces analyses suggèrent une nouvelle interprétation : la sépulture de Suontaka aurait pu appartenir à un individu à chromosomes sexuels XXY aneuploïdes. Le contexte de la sépulture indique qu'il s'agissait d'une personne respectée de genre non-binaire.
Deutsch: In 1968 wurde ein Waffengrab mit Fibeln in Suontaka Vesitorninmäki in Hattula (Finnland) entdeckt. Seitdem hat man das Grab als Beweis angesehen, dass es Frauen, die Macht ausübten, oder sogar Kriegerinnen im frühmittelalterlichen Finnland gab. Andere haben es ausgeschlossen, dass man eine Frau mit einem Schwert bestattet hätte, und haben versucht, den Befund als Doppelbestattung zu erklären. Die Autoren dieses Artikels legen die erste moderne Untersuchung des Befundes vor, in welcher sie den Kontext der Bestattung in Betracht ziehen und Micro-Resten im Boden und die aDNA des Skeletts analysieren. Diese Untersuchungen lassen eine neue Deutung zu: Bei der Bestattung von Suontaka handelte es sich vielleicht um ein Individuum mit chromosomaler Aneuploidie XXY. Der allgemeine Kontext des Grabes weist auf eine angesehene Person nicht-binären Geschlechtes hin.
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https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/european-journal-of-archaeology/article/woman-with-a-sword-weapon-grave-at-suontaka-vesitorninmaki-finland/33A89DB1D7E4900F017833D87C997D3D

https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2021.30
Author Ulla Moilanen et al.

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