Identifier: preliminaryintro00brun (find matches)
Title: A preliminary introduction to the study of entomology. Together with a chapter on remedies, or methods that can be used in fighting injurious insects; insect enemies of the apple tree and its fruit, and the insect enemies of small grains
Year: 1894 (1890s)
Authors: Bruner, Lawrence Metcalf Collection (North Carolina State University). NCRS
Subjects: Apples Grain Insects Insect pests
Publisher: Lincoln, Nebraska, J. North & Co., printers
Contributing Library: NCSU Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: NCSU Libraries

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can be drowned in boiling water orthrown into the fire and burnt. Other methods canbe devised by those who have the insects to fight,—circumstances, of course, directing these forays againstthe enemy. In some instances the beetles can also bedestroyed by spraying the foliage of trees with either Pig. 79.—White Grub _ , i -r» • Fungus. (Aft. Riley) London purple or Faris green. APPLE-TREE FLEA-BEETLE. (Crraptodera foliacea Liec.) This insect, which is represented in Fig. 81, magnified, can bereadily recognized from the following description: In size it is some-what variable, ranging from four to five millimeters in length; it isoval in its outline, and of a highly polished brassy-green color. An- APPLE TREE AND ITS FRUIT. 185 tennse dull brownish black beyond the three basal joints, which aresomewhat obscured by a coating of short fine hairs or gray pubescence.The feet are dull brownish, or reddish brown, and, with the legs andunder parts generally, are also somewhat pubescent.
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Fig. 80.—The Apple-tree Flea-beetle (Orapto- Fig. 81.—Apple-tree Flea-beetle—greatly en- derafoliacea), showing beetle natural size, larged. (After Popenoe, drawing by C. L. and mode of attack. (After Popenoe, Marlatt.)drawing by C. L. Marlatt) We are indebted to Prof. E. A. Popenoe for a pretty full life his-tory of this beetle,* and in treating of it here I will quote his lan-guage largely. Throughout its range, so far as noted, it usually occurs uponplants of the evening primrose family (Onangracece), being especiallypartial to the silky gaurus (Oaura parviflora), and otiiers, the leavesof which are often riddled by it. * * * For several years past the beetle in question has attracted atten-tention on the college grounds (at Manhattan, Kan.) by its attacksduring May and June upon the apple tree, the leaves being the por-tions injured. In orchard trees the lower branches only, near theground, have suffered, and these but slightly. The greatest injuryhas been done in the nurser

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