File:Amygdaloidal basalt (Two Harbors Basalts, North Shore Volcanic Series, Mesoproterozoic, 1097-1098 Ma; Burlington Bay, Two Harbors, Minnesota, USA) 1.jpg
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Summary
editDescriptionAmygdaloidal basalt (Two Harbors Basalts, North Shore Volcanic Series, Mesoproterozoic, 1097-1098 Ma; Burlington Bay, Two Harbors, Minnesota, USA) 1.jpg |
English: Amygdaloidal quartz tholeiite basalt from the Precambrian of Minnesota, USA.
Along the northern shore of western Lake Superior are numerous exposures of a lava flow-dominated succession called the North Shore Volcanic Series. This is equivalent to and the same age as the Portage Lake Volcanic Series of northern Michigan's Keweenaw Peninsula (www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/albums/72157632266738191). The North Shore and Portage Lake successions are ~1.1 billion years old and represent basalt lava flows, plus minor sedimentary rocks, that filled up an ancient rift valley. This old rift is the Lake Superior segment of the Mid-Continent Rift System, a tear in the ancient North American paleocontinent of Laurentia (see: www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/Bulletins/237/Woelk1/gifs/fig...). Tectonic rifting started along this tear, exactly like the modern-day East African Rift Valley. Laurentia's Mid-Continent Rift System started and then stopped and was subsequently filled and buried. This ancient failed rift is now exposed on either side of Lake Superior in North America's Great Lakes. The sample seen here is from shoreline of Burlington Bay at the town of Two Harbors, Minnesota. The rocks at the site are quartz tholeiite basalts - they are part of the Two Harbors Basalts succession. Three lava flows are exposed, designated flow A, flow B, and flow C in the literature. The basalt has numerous gas vesicles that have since been filled with minerals, resulting in amygdaloidal basalt. Stratigraphy: Two Harbors Basalts, Upper Southwest Sequence, North Shore Volcanic Series, Keweenawan Supergroup, upper Mesoproterozoic, ~1097-1098 Ma Locality: loose piece from shoreline exposure on the western side of Burlington Bay, eastern side of the town of Two Harbors, northeastern Minnesota, USA |
Date | |
Source | https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/50419386003/ |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/50419386003. It was reviewed on 8 October 2020 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
8 October 2020
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current | 15:08, 8 October 2020 | 2,811 × 2,752 (5.05 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Uploaded a work by James St. John from https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/50419386003/ with UploadWizard |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot D10 |
Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
F-number | f/11 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 16:02, 4 October 2020 |
Lens focal length | 11.614 mm |
Width | 4,000 px |
Height | 3,000 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 18.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 19:25, 4 October 2020 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 16:02, 4 October 2020 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 5.90625 |
APEX aperture | 6.90625 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.66666666666667 |
Maximum land aperture | 4 APEX (f/4) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash fired, compulsory flash firing, red-eye reduction mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,460.905349794 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 16,483.516483516 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Portrait |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 15:25, 4 October 2020 |
Unique ID of original document | 5416A2A29514A54DD73B55A396B1D9E5 |
IIM version | 53,248 |