File:Antioch of Pisidia 2906.jpg
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Summary
editDescriptionAntioch of Pisidia 2906.jpg |
English: Nymphaeum (Fountain): The building is a wide U-shape. It was built to collect water brought by aqueduct and distribute it throughout the city. The building included a reservoir measuring 27 x 3 m, an ornamented 9 m high façade, and a pool of 27 x 7 m and 1,5 m deep. The monumental fountain is dated to the first half of the 1st century AD.
In Pisidia Antiocheia the water, which came from an altitude of 1465m (in the mountains north of the city), was conveyed over a distance of 11 km in channels, through tunnels and on arches of one or two stories, depending of the terrain; the waterway was partly in stone, and partly made of earthenware tubes. As the nymphaeum is at an altitude of 1178m, the drop from the starting point (287 m) gives an average slope of 2,6 %. The water pressure along such a slope is high; so the pressure of flow was lowered by phases, and when the water arrived at the syphon aqueducts at the end of the system, the flow was controlled with a slope of only 0,02 %. As a result of this feat of engineering, 3000 cubic meters of water was distributed to the city daily without any problems for centuries. Correspondent: J.M.Criel, Antwerpen. Sources: ‘Pisidian Antioch’ – Ünal Demirer, archaeologist. (Ankara, 1997) & Personal visits (1994 – 2003). |
Date | |
Source | Own work |
Author | Dosseman |
Camera location | 38° 18′ 16.49″ N, 31° 11′ 09.65″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 38.304580; 31.186015 |
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current | 20:40, 6 March 2019 | 1,600 × 1,065 (596 KB) | Dosseman (talk | contribs) | User created page with UploadWizard |
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Metadata
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Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D4 |
Author | Dick Osseman |
Copyright holder |
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Exposure time | 1/320 sec (0.003125) |
F-number | f/8 |
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | 11:22, 20 June 2012 |
Lens focal length | 24 mm |
Latitude | 38° 18′ 25.61″ N |
Longitude | 31° 11′ 30.99″ E |
Altitude | 1,174 meters above sea level |
Width | 4,928 px |
Height | 3,280 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 240 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 240 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS6 (Windows) |
File change date and time | 21:20, 6 March 2019 |
Exposure Program | Aperture priority |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 11:22, 20 June 2012 |
APEX shutter speed | 8.321928 |
APEX aperture | 6 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3 APEX (f/2.83) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 50 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 00 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 00 |
Color space | Uncalibrated |
Focal plane X resolution | 136.88888549805 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 136.88888549805 |
Focal plane resolution unit | 4 |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 24 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
GPS time (atomic clock) | 08:22 |
Satellites used for measurement | 08 |
Geodetic survey data used | WGS 84 |
GPS date | 20 June 2012 |
GPS tag version | 0.0.3.2 |
Serial number of camera | 2013761 |
Lens used | 24.0-70.0 mm f/2.8 |
Rating (out of 5) | 0 |
Date metadata was last modified | 22:20, 6 March 2019 |
Unique ID of original document | 8A49799F922C9B356CEB33F295BB5376 |