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File:Asmara (Colonia Eritrea) Piazza Roma e Palazzo Banca d'Italia.jpg

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Italiano: Asmara (Colonia Eritrea) Piazza Roma e Palazzo Banca d'Italia
Date circa 1930
date QS:P,+1930-00-00T00:00:00Z/9,P1480,Q5727902
Source https://www.delcampe.it/it/collezionismo/cartoline/eritrea/1955-asmara-piazza-roma-e-palazzo-banca-ditalia-fg-v-see-2-scans-244773269.html
Author A.A. e F. Cicero, Asmara Massaua

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Public domain
Public domain
The country of origin of this photograph is Italy. It is in the public domain there because its copyright term has expired. According to Law for the Protection of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights n.633, 22 April 1941 and later revisions, images of people or of aspects, elements and facts of natural or social life, obtained with photographic process or with an analogue one, including reproductions of figurative art and film frames of film stocks (Art. 87) are protected for a period of 20 years from creation (Art. 92). This provision shall not apply to photographs of writings, documents, business papers, material objects, technical drawings and similar products (Art. 87). Italian law makes an important distinction between "works of photographic art" and "simple photographs" (Art. 2, § 7). Photographs that are "intellectual work with creative characteristics" are protected for 70 years after the author's death (Art. 32 bis), whereas simple photographs are protected for a period of 20 years from creation.
Italy
Italy
This may not apply in countries that don't apply the rule of the shorter term to works from Italy. In particular, these are in the public domain in the United States only if:

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Public domain This work is in the public domain in Ethiopia because its copyright protection has expired or it is exempted from copyright by virtue of the Proclamation No. 410/2004 on Copyright and Neighboring Rights Protection, enacted 2004 (details). The work meets one of the following criteria:
  • It is an anonymous, pseudonymous or posthumous work and 50 years have passed since the date of its publication
  • It is a collective or audiovisual work and 50 years have passed since the date of its publication
  • It is a photographic work, and 25 years have passed since the date of its creation (or publication, whatever date is the latest)
  • It is another kind of work, and 50 years have passed since the year of death of the author (or last-surviving author)
  • It is "any official text of a legislative, administrative or of legal nature, as well as official translations thereof"
Copyright notes

Copyright notes 		Per U.S. Circ. 38a, the following countries are not participants in the Berne Convention or Universal Copyright Convention and there is no presidential proclamation restoring U.S. copyright protection to works of these countries on the basis of reciprocal treatment of the works of U.S. nationals or domiciliaries:
  • East Timor, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iran, Iraq, Marshall Islands, Palau, Somalia, Somaliland, and South Sudan.

As such, works published by citizens of these countries in these countries are usually not subject to copyright protection outside of these countries. Hence, such works may be in the public domain in most other countries worldwide.

However:

  • Works published in these countries by citizens or permanent residents of other countries that are signatories to the Berne Convention or any other treaty on copyright will still be protected in their home country and internationally as well as locally by local copyright law (if it exists).
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  • A work from one of these countries may become copyrighted in the United States under the URAA if the work's home country enters a copyright treaty or agreement with the United States and the work is still under copyright in its home country.
Ethiopia has enacted a copyright law as published in the Official Gazette (unofficial English (WIPO) translation) which came into force on 19 July 2004.

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