File:Bashar al Assad and Byzantine legacy, polychrome architecture, Aleppo, Syria.jpg
Original file (3,000 × 2,003 pixels, file size: 1.95 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Summary edit
DescriptionBashar al Assad and Byzantine legacy, polychrome architecture, Aleppo, Syria.jpg |
Ultimately, Byzantine architecture in the West gave way to Romanesque and Gothic architecture. In the East it exerted a profound influence on early Islamic architecture, During the Umayyad Caliphate era (661-750), as far as the byzantine impact on early Islamic architecture is concerned, the byzantine artistic heritage formed a fundamental source to the new Islamic art, especially in Syria and Palestine. There are considerable byzantine influences which can be detected in the distinctive early Islamic monuments in Syria and Palestine, as on the Dome of the Rock (691) at Jerusalem, the Umayyad Mosque (709-15) at Damascus. While the Dome of the Rock gives clear reference in plan - and partially in decoration - to byzantine art, the plan of the Umayyad Mosque has also a remarkable similarity with the 6th -7th c. normal Christian basilicas, but it has been modified and expanded on the transversal axis and not on the normal longitudinal axis as in the Christian basilicas. This modification serves better the liturgy for the Islamic prayer. The original mihrab of the mosque is located almost in the middle of the eastern part of the qibla wall and not in its middle, a feature which can be explained by the fact that the architect might have tried to avoid the impression of a Christian apse which would result from the placement of the mihrab in the middle of the transept. The tile work, geometric patterns, multiple arches, domes, and polychrome brick and stone work that characterize Islamic and Moorish architecture were influenced to some extent by Byzantine architecture. In Bulgaria, Russia, Romania, Serbia, Georgia, Ukraine, and other Orthodox countries the Byzantine architecture persisted even longer, finally giving birth to local schools of architecture. Neo-Byzantine architecture had a small following in the wake of the 19th-century Gothic revival, resulting in such jewels as Westminster Cathedral in London, and in Bristol from about 1850 to 1880 a related style known as Bristol Byzantine was popular for industrial buildings which combined elements of the Byzantine style with Moorish architecture. It was developed on a wide-scale basis in Russia during the reign of Alexander II by Grigory Gagarin and his followers who designed St Volodymyr's Cathedral in Kiev, St Nicholas Naval Cathedral in Kronstadt, Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Sofia, Saint Mark's church in Belgrade and the New Athos Monastery in New Athos near Sukhumi. The largest Neo-Byzantine project of the 20th century was the Temple of Saint Sava in Belgrade. |
Date | |
Source | Bashar al Assad and Byzantine legacy, polychrome architecture, Aleppo, Syria |
Author | James Gordon from Los Angeles, California, USA |
Licensing edit
- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
This image was originally posted to Flickr by james_gordon_losangeles at https://www.flickr.com/photos/79139277@N08/7435888254. It was reviewed on 29 October 2012 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
29 October 2012
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 23:16, 28 October 2012 | 3,000 × 2,003 (1.95 MB) | Stobkcuf (talk | contribs) | == {{int:filedesc}} == {{Information |Description=Ultimately, Byzantine architecture in the West gave way to Romanesque and Gothic architecture. In the East it exerted a profound influence on early Islamic architecture, During the Umayyad Caliphate era... |
You cannot overwrite this file.
File usage on Commons
There are no pages that use this file.
File usage on other wikis
The following other wikis use this file:
- Usage on ar.wikiquote.org
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | SONY |
---|---|
Camera model | DSC-R1 |
Author | Picasa 2.7 |
Exposure time | 1/125 sec (0.008) |
F-number | f/2.8 |
ISO speed rating | 160 |
Date and time of data generation | 11:13, 26 April 2008 |
Lens focal length | 14.3 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop 7.0 |
File change date and time | 07:10, 6 April 2009 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 11:13, 26 April 2008 |
Meaning of each component |
|
Image compression mode | 8 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 2.9375 APEX (f/2.77) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | Uncalibrated |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Unique image ID | 71577b9305d1fac6accc8ac0dde5ad68 |
IIM version | 2 |