File:Battle of Chippawa, Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada, Between Fort Erie and Niagara Falls, Ontario (29358740893).jpg
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editDescriptionBattle of Chippawa, Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada, Between Fort Erie and Niagara Falls, Ontario (29358740893).jpg | At dawn 5 July 1814, parties of Canadian-Militia and British allied Native Warriors scouted the American camp. They began sniping from the bushes on the north side of Street’s Creek and this continued throughout the morning. Around noon, General Brown ordered General Porter to take some of his men and end this harassing fire. At about 2pm, Porter led his New York and Pennsylvania Militia and allied Warriors into the woods to the west, crossed the creek and drove the scouting parties through the woods towards the Chippawa River. General Brown rode to Ussher’s Farm, where a forward company of the 21st U.S. was posted, in order to monitor Porter’s progress. He noticed the tempo of fire in the woods change to disciplined volleys as British regular light infantry joined the battle. When Porter’s troops reached the edge of the woods near the Chippawa River they found themselves within a few yards of the British army drawn up in the line of battle. Porter’s men quickly withdrew to the cover of the woods. Muskets The smoothbore flintlock musket was the standard weapon of both armies. They fired a ball almost 3/4 of an inch across out to 300 meters (328 yards) but were only accurate to 75 meters (82 yards). If a soldier stood he could fire his muzzle loader four or five rounds a minute. The battle lines at Chippawa stood for the fastest rate of fire and the two lines faced off at less than 75 paces at the range when the musket fire becomes accurate. Cannons The smoothbore cannons on both sides were using canister or case shot. Effective out to 400 meters (437 yards) each blast of a gun could unleash dozens of iron shot the size of golf balls. U.S. gunners won this battle by bringing their cannons (7 guns) against the British line and raking the length of the red coated line from both flanks. |
Date | |
Source | Battle of Chippawa, Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada, Between Fort Erie and Niagara Falls, Ontario |
Author | Ken Lund from Reno, Nevada, USA |
Camera location | 43° 03′ 08.26″ N, 79° 01′ 28.79″ W | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 43.052294; -79.024664 |
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editThis file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic license.
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Ken Lund at https://flickr.com/photos/75683070@N00/29358740893. It was reviewed on 10 March 2022 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
10 March 2022
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current | 19:21, 10 March 2022 | 4,000 × 3,000 (3.38 MB) | Mindmatrix (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot SX280 HS |
Exposure time | 1/500 sec (0.002) |
F-number | f/4 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 09:10, 27 September 2016 |
Lens focal length | 5.84 mm |
Latitude | 43° 3′ 8.26″ N |
Longitude | 79° 1′ 28.79″ W |
Altitude | 164.2 meters above sea level |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
File change date and time | 09:10, 27 September 2016 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 09:10, 27 September 2016 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 8.96875 |
APEX aperture | 4 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.33333333333333 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.625 APEX (f/3.51) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,393.442622951 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 16,393.442622951 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Custom process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
GPS time (atomic clock) | 16:10 |
Receiver status | Measurement in progress |
Geodetic survey data used | WGS-84 |
GPS date | 27 September 2016 |
GPS tag version | 0.0.3.2 |
Rating (out of 5) | 0 |