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Germany’s largest city and capital, Berlin has appeared in historical records since the 14th century, and has been a capital city of the surrounding kingdom, empire, or nation since the beginning of the 18th century. Like many capital cities, Berlin has seen its share of strife. Shortly after World War II bombings devastated the city, Cold War superpowers divided it into East and West Berlin. Between August 1961 and November 1989, a wall running though the city reinforced the political divide. After a reduction in tensions between East and West allowed Berliners to cross the wall, it was torn eventually down.