File:Bismuth Crystals.JPG
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DescriptionBismuth Crystals.JPG |
English: Bismuth (element #83 on the periodic table) forms beautifully colored and geometrically intricate hopper crystals. The crystal's eye-catching array of colors results from the formation of a thin oxide layer on its surface. The colors on Bismuth crystals arise in a similar fashion to those on a soap bubble or thin film of oil on water in which light reflecting off the top and bottom of the film produce interference maxima of a particular color depending on the film’s thickness. A thin layer of Bismuth Oxide on the otherwise pure Bismuth crystal causes light of certain wavelengths to interfere constructively upon reflection giving rise to the color seen on the surface. Due to variations in the thickness of the oxide layer, the crystal is not one solid color but rather is a rainbow of colors corresponding to the wavelengths (and colors) of light which interfere constructively at each location. English: Bismuth (element #83 on the periodic table) forms beautifully colored and geometrically intricate hopper crystals. The crystal's eye-catching array of colors results from the formation of a thin oxide layer on its surface. The colors on Bismuth crystals arise in a similar fashion to those on a soap bubble or thin film of oil on water in which light reflecting off the top and bottom of the film produce interference maxima of a particular color depending on the film’s thickness. A thin layer of Bismuth Oxide on the otherwise pure Bismuth crystal causes light of certain wavelengths to interfere constructively upon reflection giving rise to the color seen on the surface. Due to variations in the thickness of the oxide layer, the crystal is not one solid color but rather is a rainbow of colors corresponding to the wavelengths (and colors) of light which interfere constructively at each location. |
Date | |
Source | Own work |
Author | Maxim Bilovitskiy |
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I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license:
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This image was uploaded as part of European Science Photo Competition 2015. |
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current | 23:06, 27 November 2015 | 3,690 × 2,754 (6.36 MB) | Bilovitskiy (talk | contribs) | User created page with UploadWizard |
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Camera manufacturer | SONY |
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Camera model | DSC-RX100M4 |
Exposure time | 1/200 sec (0.005) |
F-number | f/5 |
ISO speed rating | 160 |
Date and time of data generation | 15:30, 27 November 2015 |
Lens focal length | 25.7 mm |
Image title | |
Width | 5,472 px |
Height | 3,648 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 350 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 350 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS5 Windows |
File change date and time | 01:00, 28 November 2015 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Aperture priority |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 15:30, 27 November 2015 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 5 |
APEX shutter speed | 7.643856 |
APEX aperture | 4.643856 |
APEX brightness | 7.66953125 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.7 |
Maximum land aperture | 2.96875 APEX (f/2.8) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 70 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Date metadata was last modified | 03:00, 28 November 2015 |
Unique ID of original document | xmp.did:965080B65A95E5118BD8CD1D5945EB19 |
IIM version | 37,682 |