File:Brighamia rockii (4822617018).jpg
![File:Brighamia rockii (4822617018).jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Brighamia_rockii_%284822617018%29.jpg/539px-Brighamia_rockii_%284822617018%29.jpg?20121115065932)
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Summary
editDescriptionBrighamia rockii (4822617018).jpg |
Pua 'ala, or ālula Campanulaceae Endemic to the Hawaiian Islands (Moloka'i only) Oʻahu (Cultivated) This plant is about 5 feet tall. Hawaiians of former times in Wailau Valley, Molokaʻi cultivated pua ʻala around their homes to enjoy the sweet fragrant flowers. One older source (Charles Gaudichaud,1819) states that Hawaiians "used all fragrant plants, all flowers and even colored fruits" for lei making. Red or yellow were indicative of divine and chiefly rank; purple flowers and fruit, or with fragrance, were associated with divinity. Because of their long-standing place in oral tradition, the fragrant yellow flowers ālula were likely used for lei making by early Hawaiians, even though there are no written sources. Botanist Otto Degener notes: "Brighamia, called by various natives puaala, alula, ohaha, was eaten raw as a supposed remedy for consumption and various other diseases." Today, residents of Kalaupapa are said to still cultivate pua ʻala in their gardens and use the leaves as an edible vegetable. nativeplants.hawaii.edu/plant/view/Brighamia_rockii |
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Author | David Eickhoff from Pearl City, Hawaii, USA |
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This image, originally posted to Flickr, was reviewed on 15 November 2012 by the administrator or reviewer File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske), who confirmed that it was available on Flickr under the stated license on that date. |
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current | 06:59, 15 November 2012 | ![]() | 1,529 × 1,699 (381 KB) | File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske) (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr by User:Tim1357 |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot G3 |
Exposure time | 1/80 sec (0.0125) |
F-number | f/4 |
Date and time of data generation | 19:45, 23 July 2003 |
Lens focal length | 7.2 mm |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | picnik.com |
File change date and time | 19:45, 23 July 2003 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 19:45, 23 July 2003 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX shutter speed | 6.303780749546 |
APEX aperture | 4 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 2 APEX (f/2) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, auto mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 8,114.2857142857 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 8,114.2857142857 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |