File:Bubble porosity (aeration holes) in marine beach sand (Cayo Costa Island, Florida, USA) (23952116909).jpg
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DescriptionBubble porosity (aeration holes) in marine beach sand (Cayo Costa Island, Florida, USA) (23952116909).jpg |
Bubble porosity (aeration holes) in marine beach sand in Florida, USA. Bubble porosity is a sedimentary structure that occurs in the swash zone of a sandy beach facies. Waves crashing onto beaches results in water moving landward and elevationally upward before gravity slows the velocity and water returns to the ocean. Some wave water percolates downward, into the sediments, displacing air that normally occupies the spaces between the sand grains. This air moves upward and emerges at the sediment-water interface in the form of bubbles. After wave water washes back into the ocean, the sandy surface has an abundance of variably-sized holes, representing individual bubble emergence sites. This is bubble porosity (aeration holes). This sedimentary structure is very rarely preserved in the rock record, but is known from some Holocene limestones. In the carbonate rock record, diagenetically-altered bubble porosity is thought to be one origin of fenestral fabric. Locality: swash zone, marine beach near the southern end of the western shoreline of Cayo Costa Island, Gulf of Mexico coast of southwestern Florida, USA (vicinity of 26° 36' 51.16" North latitude, 82° 13' 24.66" West longitude) |
Date | |
Source | Bubble porosity (aeration holes) in marine beach sand (Cayo Costa Island, Florida, USA) |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/23952116909. It was reviewed on 14 August 2016 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
14 August 2016
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current | 17:29, 14 August 2016 | 4,000 × 3,000 (8.86 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot D10 |
Exposure time | 1/200 sec (0.005) |
F-number | f/10 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 14:41, 4 January 2016 |
Lens focal length | 9.7 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 13:32, 11 January 2016 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 14:41, 4 January 2016 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX shutter speed | 7.6582115219261 |
APEX aperture | 6.6438561438561 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.33333333333333 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.614709851552 APEX (f/3.5) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, auto mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,460.905405405 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 16,483.516483516 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Portrait |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 06:32, 11 January 2016 |
Unique ID of original document | 2CE4D5B2F47AAA4857D72765813F4BD7 |
IIM version | 24,704 |