Title: Bulletin - United States National Museum
Identifier: bulletinunitedst2191960unit (find matches)
Year: 1877 (1870s)
Authors: United States National Museum; Smithsonian Institution; United States. Dept. of the Interior
Subjects: Science
Publisher: Washington : Smithsonian Institution Press, (etc. ); for sale by the Supt. of Docs. , U. S. Govt Print. Off.
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries

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The 3-Masted Schooner J. S. Hoskins, built by the New England Ship Building Company, Bath, Maine, for Emerson Rokes, of Baltimore, Maryland. Launched October 26, 1886, her register dimensions were 193.9' '^ 34.2' X 11.5', 411.56 gross tons. Her captain was Joshua A. Rich. (Smithsonian photo 44^88.) to be built almost entirely for bulk cargoes, so there was a need for schooners larger than was practical for the 2-masted rig. The 3-masted schooner was found to be the solution, so far as economy in operation was concerned, to the shift to bulk cargoes in the sailing coasting trade of the 1850's. As has been noted (p. 21), the 3-masted schooner apparently came into being quite late in the 18th century. It had been popular at Baltimore and vicinity about 1800, but not elsewhere. Between that time and 1850, however, a few were built outside the Chesapeake; and during the 1850"s and right after the end of the Civil War a number were built for coasting and ocean freighting. Most of the early ones were relatively sharp models with a rising straight floor amidships, a full, round bilge, and tumble- home in the topside. The entrance was moderately long and sometimes fairly sharp, with cons'ex lines. The run was of moderate length and often quite fine, and the sheer rather straight. These first 3-masters were, in fact, strongly influenced by the clipper-ship fashion and therefore many had very short and light heads, mere gammon knees fitted with some simple decoration. It was soon found that the sharp-model 3-master did not pay in the coastal trade and for this reason the model had to be altered. By 1875 two types of 3-master were in use. One was the centerboard model, having a shoal-draft hull with rather fiat floor amidships, a low and sometimes hard bilge, and tumble-home in the topside. Some of this type had a rather long and sharp convex entrance combined with a long and markedly flat run; the sheer was quite strong and the rig large. These were often very swift sailers. Some had two centerboards and others one; if a single one was used it was often placed 41

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