File:Calciocarbonatite lapillistone (extrusive calciocarbonatite) (Kaiserstuhl Complex, Miocene; near Freiburg, Germany) 4.jpg
Original file (3,517 × 2,335 pixels, file size: 6.79 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Summary
editDescriptionCalciocarbonatite lapillistone (extrusive calciocarbonatite) (Kaiserstuhl Complex, Miocene; near Freiburg, Germany) 4.jpg |
English: Calciocarbonatite lapillistone from the Miocene of Germany. (7.4 centimeters across at its widest)
The German rock seen here is famous among carbonatite researchers. It comes from the first ancient carbonatite unit ever demonstrated to have originally been surficial volcanic material (i.e., an igneous rock with an extrusive origin). As are most carbonatites, the rock is composed of calcite (calcium carbonate - CaCO3), and it bubbles in acid. The tannish-brownish-grayish portions of the rock consist of rounded to subrounded particles - those are carbonatite lapilli from an ancient volcanic eruption. The white portions of the rock is calcite cement that binds the lapilli together. This rock can be called an extrusive calciocarbonatite or calciocarbonatitic lapillistone or welded calciocarbonatite. This material formed at the ancient Kaiserstuhl Volcano, which is situated along a continental rift in Europe called the Upper Rhine Graben. The long-extinct volcano is now eroded away, but some of its extrusive rocks and much of the originally-underlying intrusive complex is still preserved. Age: Langhian to Burdigalian, late Early Miocene to early Middle Miocene, 14-18 Ma Locality: Kaiserstuhl Complex (a.k.a. Kaiserstuhl Volcanic Complex, Kaiserstuhl Carbonatite Complex), near Freiburg, southwestern Baden-Württemberg, far-southwestern Germany |
Date | |
Source | https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/50720258312/ |
Author | James St. John |
Licensing
edit- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/50720258312. It was reviewed on 14 December 2020 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
14 December 2020
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 19:35, 14 December 2020 | 3,517 × 2,335 (6.79 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Uploaded a work by James St. John from https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/50720258312/ with UploadWizard |
You cannot overwrite this file.
File usage on Commons
There are no pages that use this file.
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | Canon |
---|---|
Camera model | Canon PowerShot D10 |
Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
F-number | f/9 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 19:34, 10 December 2020 |
Lens focal length | 8.295 mm |
Width | 4,000 px |
Height | 3,000 px |
Bits per component |
|
Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 18.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 13:33, 14 December 2020 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 19:34, 10 December 2020 |
Meaning of each component |
|
Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 5.90625 |
APEX aperture | 6.34375 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.66666666666667 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.34375 APEX (f/3.19) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash fired, compulsory flash firing, red-eye reduction mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,460.905349794 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 16,483.516483516 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 08:33, 14 December 2020 |
Unique ID of original document | 834866FCBAD7A954C2D7DBC3DEB62BD3 |