The Canadian Museum of Nature (French: Musée canadien de la nature), formerly called the National Museum of Natural Sciences (French: Musée national des sciences naturelles), is Canada's national natural history and natural sciences museum in Ottawa, Ontario. Its four main collections, which were started by the Geological Survey of Canada in 1856 and now include ca. 14.6 million specimens, are Botany, Mineralogy, Palaeontology and Zoology.

The museum is affiliated with the Canadian Museums Association, the Canadian Heritage Information Network, the Alliance of Arctic Natural History Museums, the Alliance of Natural History Museums of Canada and the Virtual Museum of Canada.

he building, known as the Victoria Memorial Museum Building and often referred to as the "castle", was built in former farm fields known as Appin Place, the estate of the Scottish-born merchant William Stewart. The neighbourhood became known as Stewarton and residential development started in the area during the 1870s. The government purchased the land in 1905 hoping to develop the site as a sort of 'end piece' to complement the stone structure of the Canadian Parliament Buildings at the opposite end of Metcalfe Street, on Parliament Hill.

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