Summary edit

DescriptionCardinal vowel tongue position.png	English: Combination of 2 images: front and back vowels
Date	11 July 2020
Source	Jones, Daniel. (1972). An outline of English phonetics (9th ed.). Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons Ltd.
Author	Original uploaded by Ishwar; Combination by useigor
Other versions

• Tongue positions of Daniel Jones' cardinal front and back vowels (adapted from Jones 1972: 32).
• Cardinal vowels #1, #4 [i, a] and #5, #8 [u, ɑ] were adapted by Jones from x-ray photographs of his mouth.
• Cardinal vowels #2, #3 [e, ɛ] and #6, #7 [o, ɔ] are approximate.
• The tongue positions were determined by placing a thin metal chain on Jones' tongue while saying the vowels and then photographing them.
• The four large dots indicate the highest point of tongue for each vowel.

See also edit

• Image:Cardinal vowels-Jones x-ray.jpg

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