English: Clinocardium nuttallii (Conrad, 1837) - left valve of a basket cockle shell (modern) from Washington State, USA. (~9.6 centimeters across at its widest)

Orientation: anterior is the left; posterior is to the right; dorsal at top; ventral at bottom

Bivalves are bilaterally symmetrical molluscs having two calcareous, asymmetrical shells (valves) - they include the clams, oysters, and scallops. In most bivalves, the two shells are mirror images of each other (the major exception is the oysters). They occur in marine, estuarine, and freshwater environments. Bivalves are also known as pelecypods and lamellibranchiates.

Bivalves are sessile, benthic organisms - they occur on or below substrates. Most of them are filter-feeders, using siphons to bring in water, filter the water for tiny particles of food, then expel the used water. The majority of bivalves are infaunal - they burrow into unlithified sediments. In hard substrate environments, some forms make borings, in which the bivalve lives. Some groups are hard substrate encrusters, using a mineral cement to attach to rocks, shells, or wood.

The fossil record of bivalves is Cambrian to Recent. They are especially common in the post-Paleozoic fossil record.

Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Heterodonta, Veneroida, Cardiidae

Locality: shoreline of Puget Sound, western Washington State, USA

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See info. at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockle_(bivalve) and

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinocardium_nuttallii