File:Cool colored candles, with metal salts from our rocket propellants (13049862325).jpg
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editDescriptionCool colored candles, with metal salts from our rocket propellants (13049862325).jpg |
The birthday month Marches on! These special candles on my cake are really cool. The flame colors are just like the propellant colors we have in our solid rocket motors. Metal ions combine with electrons in the flame, and the metal atoms are raised to excited states because of the high flame temperature. Upon returning to the ground state, they give off a pure wavelength of light (from their line spectrum) characteristic of that metal. The ions come from metal chlorides: Barium Chloride (BaCl) for green, Copper Chloride (CuCl) for blue, or Strontium Chloride (SrCl) for red. Here is a primer on rocket propellants with photos of my rockets flying with the various colors. |
Date | |
Source | Cool colored candles, with metal salts from our rocket propellants |
Author | Steve Jurvetson |
Camera location | 37° 30′ 07.21″ N, 122° 28′ 28.18″ W | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 37.502003; -122.474494 |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by jurvetson at https://www.flickr.com/photos/44124348109@N01/13049862325. It was reviewed on 10 May 2015 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
10 May 2015
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current | 02:02, 10 May 2015 | 2,278 × 2,106 (865 KB) | Benzoyl (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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Metadata
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Camera manufacturer | Apple |
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Camera model | iPhone 5 |
Exposure time | 1/15 sec (0.066666666666667) |
F-number | f/2.4 |
ISO speed rating | 400 |
Date and time of data generation | 11:42, 7 March 2014 |
Lens focal length | 4.12 mm |
Latitude | 37° 30′ 7.21″ N |
Longitude | 122° 28′ 28.18″ W |
Altitude | 8.837 meters above sea level |
JPEG file comment | AppleMark |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | QuickTime 7.7.1 |
File change date and time | 17:49, 9 March 2014 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 11:42, 7 March 2014 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX shutter speed | 3.9069050554871 |
APEX aperture | 2.5260688216893 |
APEX brightness | −0.51199674664498 |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 227 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 227 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | HDR (original saved) |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 33 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
GPS time (atomic clock) | 19:42:56.03 |
Reference for direction of image | True direction |
Direction of image | 32.927093596059 |