File:Curled mudcracks over sand (Dead Sea-Lake Lethe area, Level F, Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, USA) 6.jpg
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Summary
editDescriptionCurled mudcracks over sand (Dead Sea-Lake Lethe area, Level F, Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, USA) 6.jpg |
English: Modern mudcracks in a cave in Kentucky, USA.
Mudcracks are diagnostic sedimentary structures indicating subaerial exposure of sediment surfaces, with alternating wet & dry conditions. They are much more common that raindrop imprints, which indicate the same environmental setting. Mudcracks are most likely to occur in fine-grained siliciclastic sediments, fine-grained carbonate sediments, and in some evaporitic settings. Mudcracks are distinctive and easy to identify, but they do vary in appearance. The cracks themselves vary in width, depth, and areal density. Mudcrack polygons also vary in size & shape. The mudcracks shown above are developed in a relatively thin mud layer overlying sand in a cave passage at Mammoth Cave, Kentucky. The cave is a complex network of passages in Mississippian-aged limestones. The lowest levels are at and below the modern water table. Water flows from the deepest passages toward the Green River. During and after storms, the Green River experiences high flow, which results in water levels rising in the cave. The site shown here has been inundated many times. After flood events wane, the water table lowers and this site is exposed. The sands and muds were deposited by flood waters. The capping mud layer dried out, cracked, and the edges of the mudcrack polygons curled upward. Locality: trailside in the Dead Sea-Lake Lethe area, south of River Hall, Mammoth Cave, near the northwestern end of Mammoth Cave Ridge, Edmonson County, western Kentucky, USA |
Date | |
Source | https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/29919134602/ |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/29919134602 (archive). It was reviewed on 2 March 2020 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
2 March 2020
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current | 22:41, 2 March 2020 | 4,000 × 3,000 (6.51 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | User created page with UploadWizard |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot D10 |
Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
F-number | f/2.8 |
ISO speed rating | 250 |
Date and time of data generation | 21:56, 13 June 2011 |
Lens focal length | 6.2 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS2 Macintosh |
File change date and time | 20:01, 30 September 2016 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 21:56, 13 June 2011 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 5.90625 |
APEX aperture | 2.96875 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 2.96875 APEX (f/2.8) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash fired, compulsory flash firing, red-eye reduction mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,460.905349794 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 16,483.516483516 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Image width | 4,000 px |
Image height | 3,000 px |
Date metadata was last modified | 16:01, 30 September 2016 |
IIM version | 2 |