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Diagramme de phase fer-carbone sous une atmosphère

Ce diagramme est limité par le fer pur d'une part et le carbure de fer pur d'autre part. Les phases principales sont :

• le fer α : ferrite, acier ferritique
• le fer γ : austénite, acier austénitique
• la carbure de fer : cémentite, Fe₃C.

On note la présence d'un eutectique et d'un eutectoïde ; ces produits cristallisent en fait sous la forme de lamelles de phases pures (fer et cémentite) empilées pour l'eutectoïde, ou sous la forme de fer pur contenant des "globules" de cémentite pour l'eutectique. Malgré la nature hétérogène de la cristallisation, l'eutectique se comporte comme s'il s'agissait d'une phase homogène.

Entre 0 et 2 % massiques de carbone, on parle d'acier. Entre 1,7 % et 6,67 %, on parle de fonte.

Iron-carbon phase diagram under atmospheric pressure

This diagram is limited by pure iron on the left and by iron carbide on the right. The mains pahses are :

• α iron : ferrite, ferritic steel
• γ iron : austenite, austenitic steel
• iron carbide : cementite, Fe₃C.

We can see a eutectic and a eutectoid; these phases crystallise as a stacking of fine strips of pure phases (iron and cementite) in case of the eutectoid, or a pure iron containing small balls of cementite for the eutectic. Although it is heterogeneous, these phases behave like homogeneous pure bodies.

Steel is between 0 et 2 % mass percent of carbon. Cast iron is between 1,7 % et 6,67 %.

Auteur/author : Christophe Dang Ngoc Chan

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